Changes in the prevalence, incidence and residual risk for HIV and hepatitis C virus in Southern Brazilian blood donors since the implementation of NAT screening

Kupek, Emil; Petry, Andrea

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0133-2014

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This age group presented the highest number of donations and the highest number of HIV cases (although HIV prevalence rates were higher amongst 26-35 year old donors). Between 2007 to 2013, after the implantation of NAT screening, HIV prevalence amongst blood donors aged 16-24 in Santa Catarina was 1.22% (95%CI: 1.01–1.46); an analysis of repeat donors in this age group showed an HIV incidence of 0.28 (95%CI: 0.20–0.37) per 1000 person-years [29]. The same article reported a sharp increase in HIV prevalence over time among 16-24 year old male donors; a similar rise was observed for young women until 2012, followed by a sharp decline.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of prevalence, incidence and risk factors for HIV infection amongst young people in Brazil

2017

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BackgroundDespite young people being a key population for HIV prevention, the HIV epidemic amongst young Brazilians is perceived to be growing. We therefore reviewed all published literature on HIV prevalence and risk factors for HIV infection amongst 10-25 year olds in Brazil.MethodsWe searched Embase, LILACS, Proquest, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for studies published up to March 2017 and analyzed reference lists of relevant studies. We included published studies from any time in the HIV epidemic which provided estimates specific to ages 10-25 (or some subset of this age range) for Brazilians on either: (a) HIV prevalence or incidence; or (b) the association between HIV and socio-demographic or behavioral risk factors.ResultsForty eight publications met the inclusion criteria: 44 cross-sectional, two case-control, two cohort. Four studies analysed national data. Forty seven studies provided HIV prevalence estimates, largely for six population subgroups: Counselling and Testing Center attendees; blood donors; pregnant women; institutional individuals; men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW); four provided HIV incidence estimates. Twelve studies showed HIV status to be associated with a wide range of risk factors, including age, sexual and reproductive history, infection history, substance use, geography, marital status, mental health and socioeconomic status.ConclusionsFew published studies have examined HIV amongst young people in Brazil, and those published have been largely cross-sectional and focused on traditional risk groups and the south of the country. Despite these limitations, the literature shows raised HIV prevalence amongst MSM and FSW, as well as amongst those using drugs. Time trends are harder to identify, although rates appear to be falling for pregnant women, possibly reversing an earlier de-masculinization of the epidemic. Improved surveillance of HIV incidence, prevalence and risk factors is a key component of efforts to eliminate HIV in Brazil.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of prevalence, incidence and risk factors for HIV infection amongst young people in Brazil

2017

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“…The residual risk of HIV and HCV transmission during a blood transfusion was estimated by the incidence and window model of Schreiber, the most widespread model to estimate transfusion risks . The incidence and window model and its adaptions were applied successfully worldwide to provide viral‐TTI estimates . Estimates of the risk of TTIs are essential for monitoring the safety of the blood supply and evaluating the potential effect of new screening tests …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…41 The incidence and window model and its adaptions were applied successfully worldwide to provide viral-TTI estimates. 3,16,18,31,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] Estimates of the risk of TTIs are essential for monitoring the safety of the blood supply and evaluating the potential effect of new screening tests. 24 The residual risk estimates for HIV and HCV obtained in developed countries, albeit showing some variation, are uniformly low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infections by blood transfusion in northern Brazil

Vieira¹,

Lamarão²,

Amaral

et al. 2017

Transfusion

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BACKGROUND Nucleic acid test (NAT) blood screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) was introduced in northern Brazil in July 2012. There are several Brazilian articles that have evaluated transfusion transmission risks for HIV and HCV. However, to our knowledge, this article is the first to evaluate the impact of HIV and HCV NAT implementation for blood screening in northern Brazil. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and incidence rates of HIV and HCV among blood donors and to compare the residual risk of transfusion transmission of these infections, before (2009‐2011) and after (2012‐2014) NAT implementation. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS HIV and HCV prevalence and incidence were calculated based on rates of confirmed positive samples. Residual risk estimates were based on the incidence and window model described previously. Logistic and Poisson regressions were used in the statistical analysis. A p value of not more than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS HIV and HCV prevalence were 209.9 and 66.3 per 100,000 donations, respectively. Residual risk for HIV and HCV decreased significantly throughout the two study periods, mainly for HCV in which the reduction was one in 169,492 to one in 769,231 donations. For HIV, the decrease was one in 107,527 to one in 769,231 donations. HIV and HCV incidence rates were 21.13 and 3.06 per 100,000 persons/year before NAT and 14.03 and 2.65 per 100,000 persons/year after NAT. CONCLUSION The HIV and HCV NAT implementation significantly increased the transfusion safety in northern Brazil, bringing benefits to recipients due to better quality of blood products produced.

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“…These are the first results of the NAT yield by Brazilian HIV/HCV NAT kit for screening blood donors in the largest Latin American country, except for a recently published report on residual risk reduction as the kit has been used in one Brazilian state (Kupek & Petry, 2014). Overall HIV NAT yield of 4·38 per million blood donations observed in Brazil was close to 4·8 reported for Southeast Asia (Bruhn et al, 2013) and considerably higher than 0·5 reported for the 1999-2008 period in the United States (Zou et al, 2010) and in Central & Northern Europe (Bruhn et al, 2013).…”

Section: Dear Sirmentioning

confidence: 95%

NAT yield for human immunodeficiency and hepatitis C viruses in Brazilian blood donors: preliminary results

Andrea¹,

Kupek

Genovez

et al. 2015

Transfusion Medicine

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Changes in the prevalence, incidence and residual risk for HIV and hepatitis C virus in Southern Brazilian blood donors since the implementation of NAT screening

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

A scoping review of prevalence, incidence and risk factors for HIV infection amongst young people in Brazil

A scoping review of prevalence, incidence and risk factors for HIV infection amongst young people in Brazil

Residual risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infections by blood transfusion in northern Brazil

NAT yield for human immunodeficiency and hepatitis C viruses in Brazilian blood donors: preliminary results

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