Changes in the subjective fatigue and pupil diameters induced by watching LED TVs

Koo, Bon-Yeop; Jang, Manho; Kim, Young‐Chul; Mah, Kichoong

doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.03.077

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Additionally, pupillary dynamics have been explored as a potential indicator of visual fatigue. However, previous work has shown contradictory results 38,43–47 . In this study, we found that the pupil dynamics (magnitude and variability) did not change as a function of the blue light level or time‐on‐task, and thus the effects observed for the variability of accommodation seem to be independent of the pupillary response.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

“…Changes in the pupil reflect the activity of the autonomic nervous system, being sensitive to the level of fatigue experienced during the execution of cognitively demanding visual tasks 40–42 . Nevertheless, it is unclear whether task‐evoked pupillary responses are correlated with visual fatigue since earlier studies have found contradictory results 38,43–47 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[40][41][42] Nevertheless, it is unclear whether task-evoked pupillary responses are correlated with visual fatigue since earlier studies have found contradictory results. 38,[43][44][45][46][47] Based on the previously explained association between visual fatigue and measurements of accommodation and the pupil, a recent study explored the impact of B-B filters on accommodation, observing that the use of B-B filters did not influence the magnitude of the accommodative response, when measured in a static manner, during the execution of a sustained near-vision task. 27 However, the variability of accommodation, which has been demonstrated to be sensitive to visual fatigue, 34 has not yet been evaluated with B-B filters to determine their potential effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of a blue‐blocking screen filter on accommodative accuracy and visual discomfort

Redondo

Vera

Ortega-Sánchez

et al. 2020

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Introduction: The prescription of blue-blocking (B-B) filters for the management of visual symptoms and signs associated with the use of electronic devices is routinely performed by eye care specialists. However, the utility of B-B filters is a matter of debate and discussion by the scientific community due to the lack of evidence supporting their use. Here, we aimed to determine the effects of using B-B filters on the dynamics of the accommodative response and pupil size and perceived levels of visual discomfort, while performing a 30-min reading task at a close distance in subjects who routinely use electronic devices. Methods: Nineteen healthy young adults (22.0 AE 2.7 years) read two 30-min passages on a computer screen placed at 50 cm, either while using a commercially available B-B filter or without any filter on two different days. The magnitude and variability of both the accommodative response and pupil size were dynamically measured for 60 s using the WAM-5500 open field autorefractometer at 4-5, 9-10, 14-15, 19-20, 24-25, and 29-30 min into the trial. The perceived levels of visual discomfort were also obtained. Results: The lag and variability of accommodation were insensitive to the blue light level (p = 0.34 and 0.62, respectively). There was a time-on-task effect for the variability of accommodation, showing greater instability over time regardless of the blue light level. The use of the B-B filter was associated with improved reading speed (p = 0.02), with an increase of 16.5 words per minute. However, it was not associated with any significant change in pupil dynamics or the perceived levels of visual discomfort (p> 0.05 in both cases). Conclusions: Our data showed that the use of a B-B filter had no effect on accommodative dynamics or visual symptomatology. Based on these findings, there is no support for the prescription of B-B filters to attenuate the visual symptoms and signs associated with the use of electronic devices in healthy young adults.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of a blue‐blocking screen filter on accommodative accuracy and visual discomfort

Redondo

Vera

Ortega-Sánchez

et al. 2020

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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“…Their results showed that eye blink duration, eye blink frequency, pupil dilation range, and fixation duration increased whereas saccade peak velocity and saccade duration decreased [34]. Eye fatigue is increasing in various display systems, whether on headmounted displays [9] or on LED TVs [35]. According to Koo et al study [28], the pupil diameter change accompanied with subjective fatigue during watching video on LED, and the pupil diameter is also one visual parameter derived…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Fatigue Estimation by Eye Tracker with Regression Analysis

et al. 2022

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The traditional way to detect visual fatigue is to use the questionnaire or to use critical fusion frequency of high-frequency exchanges due to eye fatigue. The objective of this study was to explore whether eye movement behavior can be used as an objective tool to detect visual fatigue. Thirty-three participants were tested in this study. Their subjective visual fatigue survey, critical fusion frequency, and eye tracker of one minute gaze were measured before and after 20 minutes visual fatigue task. There were significant differences before and after visual fatigue task on survey and eye tracker-derived features. By multiple regression analysis with four eye tracker features, total fixation time duration of the inner circle, longest continuous duration of inner circle viewing time, maximum saccade distance, and focus radius, the regression R square value was greater than 0.9 for all critical fusion frequency data and when subjective visual fatigue assessment was greater than 12 points. In conclusion, eye movement behavior can be used to detect visual fatigue more sensitively even than the traditional critical flicker fusion assessment. Eye tracker can also provide well regression model to fit traditional critical fusion frequency measurement and subjective visual fatigue survey.

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“…Increased fatigue level is often related to the global increase of EEG power in the α and the θ bands (Klimesch, 1999;Xie et al, 2016). Moreover, pupil diameter can also be an index to evaluate mental fatigue, and the increase of mental fatigue coincides with a decrease in pupil diameter (Hopstaken et al, 2015b;Koo et al, 2018). Besides that, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) is also used as a subjective and quantitative estimation of mental fatigue (Hart and Staveland, 1988;Sampei et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-fatigue Performance in SSVEP-Based Visual Acuity Assessment: A Comparison of Six Stimulus Paradigms

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The occurrence of mental fatigue when users stare at stimuli is a critical problem in the implementation of steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based visual acuity assessment, which may weaken the SSVEP amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and subsequently affect the results of visual acuity assessment. This study aimed to explore the anti-fatigue performance of six stimulus paradigms (reverse vertical sinusoidal gratings, reverse horizontal sinusoidal gratings, reverse vertical square-wave gratings, brief-onset vertical sinusoidal gratings, reversal checkerboards, and oscillating expansion-contraction concentric rings) in SSVEP acuity assessment. Methods: Based on four indices of α + θ index, pupil diameter, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), and amplitude and SNR of SSVEPs, this study quantitatively evaluated mental fatigue in six SSVEP visual attention runs corresponding to six paradigms with 12 subjects. Results: These indices of mental fatigue showed a good agreement. The results showed that the paradigm of motion expansion-contraction concentric rings had a superior anti-fatigue efficacy than the other five paradigms of conventional onset mode or pattern reversal mode during prolonged SSVEP experiment. The paradigm of briefonset mode showed the lowest anti-fatigue efficacy, and the other paradigms of pattern reversal SSVEP paradigms showed a similar anti-fatigue efficacy, which was between motion expansion-contraction mode and onset mode. Conclusion: This study recommended the paradigm of oscillating expansioncontraction concentric rings as the stimulation paradigm in SSVEP visual acuity because of its superior anti-fatigue efficacy.

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Changes in the subjective fatigue and pupil diameters induced by watching LED TVs

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of a blue‐blocking screen filter on accommodative accuracy and visual discomfort

Effects of a blue‐blocking screen filter on accommodative accuracy and visual discomfort

Visual Fatigue Estimation by Eye Tracker with Regression Analysis

Anti-fatigue Performance in SSVEP-Based Visual Acuity Assessment: A Comparison of Six Stimulus Paradigms

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