“…Diatom studies by Russian, Mongolian and international scientists have proceeded through the last century (e.g., Skvortzow, 1937;Morales & Edlund, 2003;Metzeltin et al, 2009); however, work has been largely focused on occurrence and distribution with little ecological or applied focus. In recent decades, interest has been building in Mongolia and surrounding regions to use diatoms in paleoclimatological (Tarasov et al, 2000;Peck et al, 2002;Fedotov et al, 2000Fedotov et al, , 2004Rudaya et al, 2008;Shinneman et al, 2009b, c), paleo-ecological (Shinneman et al, 2009a, b;Mackay et al, in press), and ecosystem health assessments (Soninkhishig et al, 1999, Soninkhishig andEdlund, 2001); making an understanding of the distribution and taxonomy of diatoms in Mongolia an important line of study for applied research.…”