Changes in vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and neuropeptide Y-ergic structures of the enteric nervous system in the carcinoma of the human large intestine.

Godlewski, Janusz; Łakomy, Ireneusz Mirosław

doi:10.2478/v10042-010-0052-9

Cited by 23 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…As a result they confirm previous studies, where expression of PACAP has been described in the GI tract of various species, including humans (8,10,14,19,20), and suggest that also in dog this peptide plays, known in other species, important multiple biological functions for optimal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Its role has been shown in processes, such as the gut motility, regulation of neurotransmitter release, as well as secretion of the gastric and intestinal glands (6,19,29,30).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…PACAP-like immunoreactivity has been observed in neuronal structures supplying various fragments of the GI tract in numerous species, especially within elements that innervate the circular or longitudinal smooth muscle layers as well as intestinal glands (10,14,19,20,30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although PACAP is wellestablished enteric neuomediator and/or neuromodulator, knowledge of changes in its expression and role during intestinal pathological states is rather insufficient. Previous studies have reported changes in the number of PACAP-LI enteric neurons during Crohn's disease, carcinoma, diverticular disease in human large intestine (10,25), and during inflammatory processes in porcine digestive tract (14). PACAP has been described as a powerful antiinflammatory agent, which can act by regulating the production of anti-and pro-inflammatory mediators and affects the survival and differentiation of T lymphocytes (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-27 – like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the mucosal layer of canine gastrointestinal tract in physiology and during inflammatory bowel disease

Gonkowski

Rychlik

Całka

2013

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy

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Changes in the density of mucosal pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-27 -like immunoreactive (PACAP-27 -LI) nerve fibers within various parts of the canine gastrointestinal (GI) tract during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were investigated. The distribution of nerves were studied, using a single-labelling immunofluorescence technique, in the mucosal layer of canine stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and descending colon. Canine IBD caused an increase in the density of PACAP-27-LI mucosal nerves in all studied parts of GI tract. The results suggest that PACAP in the nervous system may be involved in pathological processes during IBD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-27 – like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the mucosal layer of canine gastrointestinal tract in physiology and during inflammatory bowel disease

Gonkowski

Rychlik

Całka

2013

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy

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“…This observation is in accordance with immunohistochemical analysis of human sigmoid colon and rectum tumors, where a less dense PACAP immunoreactive nerve fi ber network was observed in the myenteric and submucosal plexi than in normal controls [ 88 ]. Another study found that in patients with symptomatic diverticular disease signifi cantly higher PACAP levels can be detected along with increases in other neuropeptides within the mucosal plexus.…”

Section: Effects Of Pacap In Large Intestinal Infl Ammationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Protective Intestinal Effects of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide

Horváth

Illés

Heimesaat

et al. 2016

Current Topics in Neurotoxicity

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Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is an endogenous neuropeptide widely distributed throughout the body, including the gastrointestinal tract. Several effects have been described in human and animal intestines. Among others, PACAP infl uences secretion of intestinal glands, blood fl ow, and smooth muscle contraction. PACAP is a well-known cytoprotective peptide with strong anti-apoptotic, anti-infl ammatory, and antioxidant effects. The present review gives an overview of the intestinal protective actions of this neuropeptide. Exogenous PACAP treatment was protective in a rat model of small bowel autotransplantation. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) analysis of the intestinal tissue showed that endogenous PACAP levels gradually decreased with longer-lasting ischemic periods, prevented by PACAP addition. PACAP counteracted deleterious effects of ischemia on oxidative stress markers and cytokines. Another series of experiments investigated the role of endogenous PACAP in intestines in PACAP knockout (KO) mice. Warm ischemia-reperfusion injury and cold preservation models showed that the lack of PACAP caused a higher vulnerability against ischemic periods. Changes were more severe in PACAP KO mice at all examined time points. This fi nding was supported by increased levels of oxidative stress markers and decreased expression of antioxidant molecules. PACAP was proven to be protective not only in ischemic but also in infl ammatory bowel diseases. A recent study showed that PACAP treatment prolonged survival of Toxoplasma gondii infected mice suffering from acute ileitis and was able to reduce the ileal expression of proinfl ammatory cytokines. We completed the present review with recent clinical results obtained in patients suffering from infl ammatory bowel diseases. It was found that PACAP levels were altered depending on the activity, type of the disease, and antibiotic therapy, suggesting its probable role in infl ammatory events of the intestine.

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“…Since our previous study revealed that the expression of neuropeptides (16), including GAL (17), in the ENS ganglia was altered when in close proximity to CRC invasion, the present study additionally aimed to determine the GAL levels in the homogenates of CRC tumors and two dissected sections of the colon wall (mucosa with submucosa and the muscularis externa) both proximal to the tumor and distant from the tumor, which served as the control. Since a reduction in myenteric plexus size and decomposition has been observed in the colon wall of CRC patients (18), the GAL-immunoreactive (GAL-Ir) myenteric plexuses in the vicinity of and distant from CRC invasion in the colon wall were quantitatively assessed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorectal cancer patients exhibit increased levels of galanin in serum and colon tissues

et al. 2016

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Galanin (GAL) is a 30-amino acid neuropeptide that is expressed in both the central and peripheral nervous system, including the enteric nervous system (ENS). Increased GAL concentrations have been identified in the blood of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The aim of the present study was to assess whether sections of the colon wall containing ENS plexuses or CRC tumor are associated with increased GAL concentrations. Blood samples were collected from 68 CRC patients and 39 healthy volunteers. In addition, samples of CRC tumors and colon wall tissue in close proximity to and distant from the neoplastic tissue were obtained from 22 CRC patients. The GAL concentration of sera and tissue homogenates obtained from three sections of the colon wall (mucosa with submucosa, muscularis externa and CRC tumor) was analyzed by ELISA. The localization of GAL was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and morphometry was used to measure the distribution of GAL-immunoreactive (GAL-Ir) myenteric plexuses in the vicinity of cancer invasion and in sections of the colon wall distant from the tumor. The GAL serum concentration of CRC patients was 2.4 times higher than that of the control group. The GAL concentration was highest in the homogenates of neoplastic tissue and mucosa obtained from the control (distant) section of the intestinal wall, followed by that in the mucosa and muscularis externa proximal to the tumor. The lowest GAL concentrations were identified within the muscular layer of the colon wall located distant from the tumor. Strong GAL immunoreactivity was identified in the cancer cells, intestinal epithelium and the submucosal and myenteric plexuses. Morphometric analysis revealed that the GAL-Ir myenteric plexuses in the vicinity of tumor infiltration were significantly smaller in size than those in the intact section of the large intestine. Furthermore, no associations were identified between the clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients and GAL serum and tissue concentration. The increased GAL serum concentrations observed in CRC patients in comparison to healthy controls may result from GAL secretion by CRC tumors, however, other sources of GAL cannot be excluded. The atrophy of myenteric plexuses within close proximity to the tumor may affect the colon function of CRC patients. In conclusion, investigation into the presence of GAL in the colon wall and serum of CRC patients revealed that serum and tissue GAL levels may present useful potential biomarkers in CRC patients.

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Changes in vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and neuropeptide Y-ergic structures of the enteric nervous system in the carcinoma of the human large intestine.

Cited by 23 publications

References 39 publications

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-27 – like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the mucosal layer of canine gastrointestinal tract in physiology and during inflammatory bowel disease

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-27 – like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the mucosal layer of canine gastrointestinal tract in physiology and during inflammatory bowel disease

Protective Intestinal Effects of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide

Colorectal cancer patients exhibit increased levels of galanin in serum and colon tissues

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