Changes in weight in patients receiving a “tranquilizing” drug

Planansky, Karel

doi:10.1007/bf01561635

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Metabolic disturbances, such as diabetes and slow blood sugar uptake, had already been observed and described in the “the mentally insane” of the pre-AP era (87–89). Likewise, the first report on AP-induced obesity, shortly after chlorpromazine had been introduced (90), states that “increase in weight, often considerable, has (previously) been reported with such diverse treatments as insulin shock, cardiazol, and electric convulsive therapy.”…”

Section: Possible Causes Of Increased Risk For Cvd-related Deaths In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Mortality in Schizophrenia Due to Cardiovascular Disease â€“ A Non-Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Possible Causes, and Interventions

et al. 2014

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Background: Schizophrenia is among the major causes of disability worldwide and the mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) is significantly elevated. There is a growing concern that this health challenge is not fully understood and efficiently addressed.Methods: Non-systematic review using searches in PubMed on relevant topics as well as selection of references based on the authors’ experience from clinical work and research in the field.Results: In most countries, the standardized mortality rate in schizophrenia is about 2.5, leading to a reduction in life expectancy between 15 and 20 years. A major contributor of the increased mortality is due to CVD, with CVD mortality ranging from 40 to 50% in most studies. Important causal factors are related to lifestyle, including poor diet, lack of physical activity, smoking, and substance abuse. Recent findings suggest that there are overlapping pathophysiology and genetics between schizophrenia and CVD-risk factors, further increasing the liability to CVD in schizophrenia. Many pharmacological agents used for treating psychotic disorders have side effects augmenting CVD risk. Although several CVD-risk factors can be effectively prevented and treated, the provision of somatic health services to people with schizophrenia seems inadequate. Further, there is a sparseness of studies investigating the effects of lifestyle interventions in schizophrenia, and there is little knowledge about effective programs targeting physical health in this population.Discussion: The risk for CVD and CVD-related deaths in people with schizophrenia is increased, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully known. Coordinated interventions in different health care settings could probably reduce the risk. There is an urgent need to develop and implement effective programs to increase life expectancy in schizophrenia, and we argue that mental health workers should be more involved in this important task.

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Section: Possible Causes Of Increased Risk For Cvd-related Deaths In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Mortality in Schizophrenia Due to Cardiovascular Disease â€“ A Non-Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Possible Causes, and Interventions

et al. 2014

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“…The data for haloperidol and chlorpromazine, which were often used as typical antipsychotics for comparison, were also included in the analysis. The relation between this index and the estimated receptor occupancy of various receptors calculated by using the equation (1) or (1?) was analyzed.…”

Section: Cr＝fu･mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The index we employed for the analysis of impaired glucose tolerance is the morbidity rate (z) of type 2 diabetes mellitus in schizophrenic patients during treatment with clozapine, ‰uphenazine, haloperidol, olanzapine and risperidone reported by Zoler. 34) The relation between this index and the estimated receptor occupancy of various receptors calculated by using the equation (1) or (1?) was analyzed.…”

Section: Cr＝fu･mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it has been believed that the increase in body weight can be simply explained by the improvement of psychological condition. 1) However, some reports indicate that antipsychotics may be directly responsible. 2,3) Moreover, the increase in body weight has been reported to be higher with atypical antipsychotics than with typical ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Receptor Occupancy-based Analysis of the Contributions of Various Receptors to Antipsychotics-induced Weight Gain and Diabetes Mellitus

Matsui-Sakata

Ohtani

Sawada

2005

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics

165

100

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“…AIWG has been documented since the advent of chlorpromazine with reports of steadily increasing weight with treatment that rapidly declines upon drug cessation [2,3]. AIWG appears to occur more often with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) than first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs), and with greater probability for some SGAs than others [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Cytokines and Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: Review and Clinical Implications

Fonseka¹,

Müller

Kennedy

2016

Complex Psychiatry

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Antipsychotic medications (APs), particularly second-generation APs, are associated with significant weight gain in schizophrenia patients. Recent evidence suggests that the immune system may contribute to antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) via AP-mediated alterations of cytokine levels. Antipsychotics with a high propensity for weight gain, such as clozapine and olanzapine, influence the expression of immune genes, and induce changes in serum cytokine levels to ultimately down-regulate neuroinflammation. Since inflammatory cytokines are normally involved in anorexigenic responses, reduced inflammation has been independently shown to mediate changes in feeding behaviours and other metabolic parameters, resulting in obesity. Genetic variation in pro-inflammatory cytokines is also associated with both general obesity and weight change during AP treatment, and thus, may be implicated in the pharmacogenetics of AIWG. At this time, preliminary data support a cytokine-mediated model of AIWG which may have clinical utility in developing more effective metabolic monitoring guidelines and prevention measures. However, further research is still needed to clearly elucidate the validity of this immune model. This article reviews the evidence implicating inflammatory cytokines in AIWG and its potential clinical relevance.

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Changes in weight in patients receiving a “tranquilizing” drug

Cited by 34 publications

References 2 publications

Increased Mortality in Schizophrenia Due to Cardiovascular Disease â€“ A Non-Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Possible Causes, and Interventions

Increased Mortality in Schizophrenia Due to Cardiovascular Disease â€“ A Non-Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Possible Causes, and Interventions

Receptor Occupancy-based Analysis of the Contributions of Various Receptors to Antipsychotics-induced Weight Gain and Diabetes Mellitus

Inflammatory Cytokines and Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: Review and Clinical Implications

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