Changes of biochemical compositions during development of eggs and yolk-sac larvae of turbot Scophthalmus maximus

Description of amino acid and fatty acid content during initial development of Lophiosilurus alexandri (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae), a carnivorous freshwater catfish

“…The high concentrations of AAs, such as Leu and Ala, found in the eggs and NHL during development are similar to those observed for other freshwater species such as trout cod, Murray cod (Gunasekera et al, 1999a), and Ictalurus punctatus (Sink et al, 2010). As recorded for L. alexandri in the present study, the concentration of Glu was elevated in LPL, as has been observed for other species, such as Salvelinus alpinus, Solea senegalensis, D. labrax and S. maximus (Cara et al, 2007;Gurure et al, 2007;Tong et al, 2017). Meanwhile, Cys is present in low concentrations in all the life stages analyzed for L. alexandri, as well as in the development of S. senegalensis and Argyrosomus regius (Aragão et al, 2004;Saavedra et al, 2015).…”

“…Crude protein remained constant throughout the three stages of development, indicating that this component is preserved through ontogeny. Variation in protein consumption, content and sequence during development seems to differ among species (Gunasekera et al, 1999a;Finn, Fyhn, 2010;Tong et al, 2017). In species with carnivorous habits, such as Maccullochella macquariensis, Maccullochella peelii peelii, Scophthalmus maximus and Dicentrarchus labrax, protein concentration decreases immediately after hatching, showing that this nutrient serves as an energy source during development (Finn et al, 1996;Rønnestad et al, 1998;Gunasekera et al, 1999a).…”

“…The biochemical composition and sequence of consumption of amino acids in eggs and larvae are speciesspecific (Saavedra et al, 2015;Tong et al, 2017). In L. alexandri, the IAAs of His Met, Phe, and Thr maintained constant concentrations throughout development.…”

“…This suggests that some of these AAs may have been mobilized, preferentially, as an energy source when the yolk reserves became depleted and they were needed for the implementation of physiological functions (Li et al, 2009). During the development of turbot larvae, the predominant amino acid in eggs and larvae was Leu (Conceição et al, 1997;Tong et al, 2017). Leu is essential for growth and works by stimulating protein synthesis in muscle tissue (Abidi, Khan, 2007).…”

“…During larval development, FA are destined for energy production (mainly saturated and monounsaturated) (Dantagnan et al, 2007;Araújo et al, 2012), for the development of vision and nervous systems and to serve as membrane constituents and eicosanoid precursors (mainly Highly unsaturated fatty acids -HUFA and polyunstaurated fatty acids -PUFA) (Glencross, 2009;Tocher, 2010). The profiles of AA and FA in eggs and larvae have been used as indicators of the nutritional quality of fish larvae (Tong et al, 2017) and to estimate nutrient requirement indexes for young stages (Saavedra et al, 2015).…”