Changes of Choroidal Thickness in Children after Short-Term Application of 1% Atropine Gel

Zhou, Yue; Zhu, Yan; Xiao, Hang; Xiong, Yao; Guo, Ya Li; Cai, Qiuyin; Wang, Min; Gong, Ye Xun; Cao, Xin; Li, Jun Jie; Cai, Jian Ru; Yu, Shuang; Sun, Zhi Min

doi:10.1159/000526448

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 44 publications

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“…Increase in choroid thickness [39,40,[117][118][119][120][121] Pilocarpine Study in healthy adults Decrease in choroid thickness [45] Study the shoot ones because they do not need particular light conditions for the proliferation in bioreactors, making their growth less demanding. The last limitation of plant cell culture is that not all plant species can be easily cultivated in vitro and used for tissue regeneration, and this can be a problem, considering that many alkaloids are highly genus-specific.…”

Section: Alkaloid Experimental Model Alkaloid Effect Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye Diseases: When the Solution Comes from Plant Alkaloids

Lorrai,

Cavaterra,

Giammaria

et al. 2024

Planta Med

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Plants are an incredible source of metabolites showing a wide range of biological activities. Among these, there are the alkaloids, which have been exploited for medical purposes since ancient times. Nowadays, many plant-derived alkaloids are the main component of drugs used as therapy for different human diseases. This review deals with providing an overview of the alkaloids used to treat eye diseases describing the historical outline, the plants from which they are extracted and the clinical and molecular data supporting their therapeutic activity. Among the different alkaloids that have found application in medicine so far, atropine and pilocarpine are the most characterized ones. Conversely, caffeine and berberine have been proposed for the treatment of different eye disorders, but further studies still are necessary to fully understand their clinical value. Lastly, the alkaloid used for managing hypertension, reserpine, has been recently identified as a potential drug for ameliorating retinal disorders. Other important aspects discussed in this review are different solutions for alkaloid production. Given that the industrial production of many of the plant-derived alkaloids still relies on extraction from plants and the chemical synthesis can be highly expensive and poorly efficient, alternative methods need to be found. Biotechnologies offer a multitude of possibilities to overcome these issues, spanning from genetic engineering, synthetic biology for microorganisms and bioreactors for plant cell cultures. However, further efforts are needed to completely satisfy the pharmaceutical demand.

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Section: Alkaloid Experimental Model Alkaloid Effect Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye Diseases: When the Solution Comes from Plant Alkaloids

Lorrai,

Cavaterra,

Giammaria

et al. 2024

Planta Med

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The Macular Choroidal Thickness in Danish Children with Myopia After Two-Year Low-Dose Atropine and One-Year Wash-Out: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial

Hansen,

Hvid-Hansen,

Bek

et al. 2024

Ophthalmol Ther

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Introduction: Our aim in this work was to investigate the macular choroidal thickness (ChT) changes in 6-12-year-old Danish children with myopia during 2 years of low-dose atropine treatment and 1-year wash-out vs. placebo in an investigator-initiated, placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized clinical trial. Methods: Ninety-seven participants were randomized to either 0.01% for 2 years, 0.1% loading dose for 6 months followed by 0.01% for 18 months, or placebo, then a 1-year wash-out. The primary outcome was ChT in the sub-foveal and inner and outer superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal sectors. The secondary outcome was axial length (AL). Outcomes were measured at baseline and 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Oneway analysis of variance was used to detect baseline ChT differences between AL-stratified groups (< 24 mm, 24-25 mm, or > 25 mm). To determine the longitudinal changes in ChT and its effect on AL, all eyes were included in linear mixed modeling with individual eyes nested in the study ID as a random effect. Results: Longer eyes had significantly thinner ChT in all choroidal sectors (adj-P < 0.01) at baseline. There was no statistically significant change in any ChT sector after 3 years in the placebo group. Sub-foveal and nasal ChT in the 0.1% loading dose and 0.01% group were not significantly different from placebo after 2-year treatment. In the placebo group, a 1-mm increase in AL was significantly associated with a 47-µm thinner nasal ChT after 3 years (95% confidence interval (CI): -55; -38, adj-P < 0.001). A 10-µm thicker nasal choroid at baseline was associated with 0.13 mm (95% CI: 0.009; 0.017, adj-P < 0.001) less 3-year axial elongation. Conclusions: The ChT in Danish children with myopia remained stable over the 3-year followup. A thinner choroid at myopia onset might predispose to increased axial elongation. Treatment with 0.01% atropine did not change the ChT. We speculate that low-dose atropine does not primarily reduce myopia progression via a choroidal mechanism.

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Impact of Myopia Progression and Its Intervention Methods on Choroidal Thickness

Jun,

Lee

2024

Ann Optom Contact Lens

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As the prevalence of myopia has recently increased, there is growing interest in interventions to slow myopia progression. The choroid, the rearmost and largest part of the uveal layer, is a tissue rich in blood vessels located between the retina and the sclera. Recent advancements in diagnostic equipment have enabled direct imaging of the choroid, leading to increased research on its role in both normal and pathological conditions. Regarding myopia, it has been reported that; 1) the choroidal thickness decreases as the degree of myopia and axial length increase, 2) in the case of moderate to high concentrations of atropine or orthokeratology lenses, which are known to slow myopic progression, choroidal thickening is accompanied from the early stages of application, and 3) the mechanism by which choroidal thickening slows myopia progression is also being actively investigated. As a result, the choroid is being recognized as a therapeutic target for developing new interventions to slow myopia progression. Additionally, the increase in choroidal thickness has been reported as a predictive factor for the subsequent myopia progression, suggesting its potential role as a biomarker for assessing the likelihood of future myopia progression.

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Changes of Choroidal Thickness in Children after Short-Term Application of 1% Atropine Gel

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

Eye Diseases: When the Solution Comes from Plant Alkaloids

Eye Diseases: When the Solution Comes from Plant Alkaloids

The Macular Choroidal Thickness in Danish Children with Myopia After Two-Year Low-Dose Atropine and One-Year Wash-Out: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial

Impact of Myopia Progression and Its Intervention Methods on Choroidal Thickness

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