Changes of Reference Evapotranspiration and Its Relationship to Dry/Wet Conditions Based on the Aridity Index in the Songnen Grassland, Northeast China

Ma, Qiyun; Zhang, Jiquan; Sun, Caiyun; Guo, Enliang; Zhong-ke, Feng; Zhang, Jiquan

doi:10.3390/w9050316

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Across the major grasslands in northern China, annual evaporation is higher in the northwest than in the northeast, whereas annual precipitation has the reverse pattern. The variable climates not only affect the degree of degradation but also the progress of rejuvenation of degraded grasslands (Ma et al, 2017). Grazing exclusion increases plant community height, coverage, and aboveground biomass, but the magnitude of this effect varies between geographic locations (Hao et al, 2014).…”

Section: Interactions Of Grass -Climate-soil-human Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing exclusion—An effective approach for naturally restoring degraded grasslands in Northern China

et al. 2018

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Nearly 90% of the 390 million ha of grasslands in northern China are degraded. ‘Grazing exclusion’ has been implemented as a nature‐based solution to rejuvenate degraded grasslands, but the effectiveness of the rejuvenation processes is uncertain. Here, we investigated the effects of grazing exclusion on aboveground plant community traits, soil physiochemical and biological properties, and the mechanisms responsible for enhanced grassland rejuvenation. A meta‐analysis across various studies was used to assess the effectiveness. On average, grazing exclusion improved vegetation coverage by 18.5 percentage points and increased aboveground biomass by 1.13 t ha−1 and root biomass by 1.27 t ha−1, which represent an increase of 84%, 246%, and 31%, respectively, compared with continuous grazing practices. Grazing exclusion reduced soil bulk density by 13.7% and increased soil water content by 68.9%. Grasslands under grazing exclusion increased soil organic carbon (SOC) in the 0‐ to 15‐cm depth by 3.95 (±0.35 Std err) t ha−1 and total soil N, available N, and total soil P in the 0‐ to 40‐cm depth by 2.39 (±0.14), 0.83 (±0.37), and 1.96 (±0.44) t ha−1, respectively, compared with continuous grazing; these values represent an increase of 31%, 25%, 23%, and 14%, respectively. Prolonging the duration (years) of grazing practices enlarged the differences in SOC and soil N content between grazing exclusion and continuous grazing. Grazing exclusion has improved plant community traits and enhanced soil physiochemical and biological properties of degraded grasslands, and thus, this ‘nature‐based’ approach can serve as an effective means to rejuvenate degraded grasslands.

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Section: Interactions Of Grass -Climate-soil-human Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing exclusion—An effective approach for naturally restoring degraded grasslands in Northern China

et al. 2018

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“…Evapotranspiration (ET), including evaporation from the soil and water surface and the transpiration of water through plant stomata, is a process of water conveyance from the underlying surface to the atmosphere [1][2][3][4]. ET transmits 62% of the precipitation back to the atmosphere and with precipitation, it can be used to assess regional wet and dry conditions [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Dynamic Spatiotemporal Changes in Actual Evapotranspiration and Its Associated Factors in the Pearl River Basin Based on MOD16

Zhang¹,

Chen²

2017

Water

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Abstract:Evapotranspiration is an important part of the hydrological cycle, surface energy balance and global climate system. Due to spatial heterogeneity, the trends in actual evapotranspiration (ET) and its associated factors vary in different regions. Because direct measurements of ET are limited over large areas, remote sensing provides an efficient method of ET spatial analysis, and standard data products are available at the global scale. This study uses the monthly MOD16 ET dataset and daily meteorological data to analyze the dynamic spatiotemporal changes in ET and its associated factors in the Pearl River Basin (PRB) from 2000 to 2014. The results of the study are as follows.(1) Over time and space, annual ET exhibited a slight increasing trend from 2000 to 2014, with an average value of approximately 946.56 mm/a. ET considerably varied at the monthly and seasonal scales, and in July displayed the highest monthly ET of approximately 119.57 mm, accounting for 36.37% of the annual ET. (2) ET displayed obvious spatial heterogeneity. Specifically, the west was a low-ET region, and moderate and high ET values were interspersed in the central and eastern PRB. Moreover, the rate of change of ET ranged from −13.99 mm/a to 12.81 mm/a in space, and 46.25% of the basin exhibited an increasing trend. (3) Dynamic changes in ET were mainly associated with temperature and relative humidity (RH). Additionally, energy-related elements and wind speed were positively correlated with ET, and temperature was the most influential factor of ET in some months (February-March and September-November). RH was the most important factor in other months but negatively correlated with ET in June and July. Affected by the actual environmental condition, qualitative changes were observed in the correlation between RH and ET in different months. The positive and negative spatial correlations between ET and its associated factors changed in different regions and in different months, and the changes mainly occurred from northwest to southwest.

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“…Five other studies [10,14,[16][17][18] belong more properly to the category "Climate change impact studies". The last three studies [24][25][26] analyze changes that have occurred in the climate and with water resources in the recent past decades, without developing any future scenarios. However, in all these last eight studies, the component related to the "adaptation to climate change" is present, but not fully developed, i.e, they are unbalanced in favor of the assessment of future impacts and less towards the adaptation.…”

Section: Studies For the Development Of Adaptation Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation Strategies for Water Resources: Criteria for Research

Salerno

2017

Water

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Abstract:The Paris Agreement presents new fields of research related to the adaptation strategies to climate change. A challenge for future research consists in developing context-specific guidelines to support adaptation. This Special Issue on "Adaptation strategy to climate change for water resources" is born in this context. It contains 15 scientific studies facing a diversity of issues inherent to the adaptation strategies for water resources. This editorial analyses how the authors of this collection of papers decided to develop and present their research in order to identify criteria to contribute defining, in a near future, standardized approaches and practices for adaptation studies. Papers have been categorized in two major fields: "Studies for the development of adaptation scenarios" and "Studies for the development of adaptation solutions". Papers belonging to both categories are generally found missing to treat the 'uncertainty' issues arising and the implementation of the proposed adaptation strategies. Studies investigating future adaptation scenarios are generally found to be unbalanced in favor of the assessment of future impacts on water resources and less towards the provision of adaptation scenarios. When these studies do not provide elements to manage the specific uncertainty related to the proposed adaptation solutions, at least exploring the uncertainty related to the climatic and impact scenarios is strongly recommended. Studies providing methodological and/or procedural examinations on adaptation solutions are recommended to suitably report the climatic, environmental, and social context for which the action has been developed. A reduction of uncertainty and an easier implementation of proposed measures could be induced from this.

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Changes of Reference Evapotranspiration and Its Relationship to Dry/Wet Conditions Based on the Aridity Index in the Songnen Grassland, Northeast China

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

Grazing exclusion—An effective approach for naturally restoring degraded grasslands in Northern China

Grazing exclusion—An effective approach for naturally restoring degraded grasslands in Northern China

Analysis of Dynamic Spatiotemporal Changes in Actual Evapotranspiration and Its Associated Factors in the Pearl River Basin Based on MOD16

Adaptation Strategies for Water Resources: Criteria for Research

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