Changes of resting state brain networks in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Resting developments: a review of fMRI post-processing methodologies for spontaneous brain activity

“…ICA-derived networks are consistent across participants [79] and scan sessions [98,99], with the defaultmode network demonstrating particularly robust reproducibility and cross-research selection reliability [100,101]. ICA has been applied to infants as young as 24 weeks [102] and has also been widely used to study clinical populations (e.g., Alzheimer's disease [89,103], mild cognitive impairment [104], depression [105], schizophrenia [106], Huntington's disease [107], lateral sclerosis [108], temporal lobe epilepsy [109], and non-communicative brain damaged patients [110]). …”

Resting-state fMRI functional connectivity: a new perspective to evaluate pain modulation in migraine?

“…Disturbances in the correlation structure of spontaneous activity have been reported in a large number of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Recent studies have suggested a direct link between RS FC patterns and human cognition, and several works have detected possible functional disconnectivity effects in many neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [22][23][24] and schizophrenia [25]. Most of these studies have been focused on the default mode network, although more recent works have examined the overall organization of functional brain networks.…”

Neuronal Networks Observed with Resting State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Clinical Populations

“…The fact that rs-fMRI allows exploring whole-brain functional connectivity in all these RSNs with minimal bias towards a specific motor or cognitive function is particularly attractive for studying ALS patients, whose degree of cooperation normally introduces substantial variability in their performances. The rs-FMRI fluctuations within the SMN network are reduced or even suppressed in ALS patients compared to age-and sex-matched normal controls (Mohammadi et al, 2009;Tedeschi et al, 2010). For instance, comparing the SMN maps on a voxel by voxel basis has shown statistically significant group differences bilaterally in the primary motor cortex (PMC) (figure 2).…”

“…Altogether the functional connectivity of these RSNs represents a basic physiological condition of the human resting brain . While the number, role, meaning and potential of RSNs in representing and interpreting the functional architecture of the human brain is still debated and sometimes controversial (Morcom & Fletcher, 2007), a number of voxel-based population rs-fMRI studies have uncovered significant differences between normal and clinical populations in various neurological disorders, and a particular attention has been given to cognitive decline as a primary or secondary aspect of neurodegeneration (Bonavita et al, 2011;Cherkassky et al, 2006;Greicius et al, 2007;Greicius et al, 2004;Mohammadi et al, 2009;Nakamura et al, 2009;Rocca et al, 2010;Rombouts et al, 2005;Roosendaal et al, 2010;Sorg et al, 2007;Sorg et al, 2009;Tedeschi et al, 2010). In this chapter we will review the physiological and technical background of resting state neural networks and the ICA methodology currently used for observing and analyzing RSNs in normal and clinical populations.…”