Changes on physiological parameters of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fed with diets supplemented with Amazonian fruit Camu camu (Myrciaria dubia)

Abstract

The physiological responses of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fed commercial feed supplemented with different concentrations of camu camu (Myrciaria dubia) were evaluated. The design was completely randomized, with treatments arranged in a factorial design with three proportions of camu camu (15%, 30% and 45%) and a control treatment (100% commercial diet), with four replicates per treatment. A total of 96 tambaqui specimens were used, with a mean initial weight of 11.69 ± 2.68 g and a mean length of 7.06 ± 0.44 cm. After 30 days, hematological parameters, metabolic variables, growth and fish swimming performance were evaluated. The different proportions of camu camu in the diet did not cause significant changes to the tambaqui's hematological parameters during the feeding period, except for hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) after the 30th day, and hematocrit (Ht) after the swimming stress test, which increased significantly (p < 0.05). The significant increases in metabolic variables, such as cortisol, glucose, proteins and triglycerides, and in hematologic variables after the Ucrit test reflect, respectively, biochemical adaptations for maintenance of the energy mobilization process and a regulatory necessity in tissue oxygen demand during intense exercise. Fish fed 15% and 30% camu camu gained the most weight and achieved the best swimming performance, respectively. The results for camu camu concentrations above 30% suggest a saturation of its intrinsic properties in the diet at this level and a loss of nutrients from the commercial feed replaced by the fruit, reducing productive performance and nutritional assimilation.Keywords: Amazon, Colossoma macropomum, Myrciaria dubia, hematology, ascorbic acid. Alterações em parâmetros fisiológicos de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) alimentados com dietas suplementadas com fruta amazônica camu camu (Myrciaria dubia) ResumoAs respostas fisiológicas de juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) alimentados com ração comercial suplementada com diferentes concentrações de camu camu (Myrciaria dubia) foram avaliados. As amostras analisadas foram inteiramente casualizadas, com os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial com três proporções de camu camu (15%, 30% e 45%) e um tratamento controle (ração comercial 100%), com quatro repetições por tratamento. Um total de 96 amostras de tambaqui foram utilizadas, com um peso médio inicial de 11,69 ± 2,68 g e um comprimento médio de 7,06 ± 0,44 cm. Após 30 dias, foram avaliados os parâmetros hematológicos, variáveis metabólicas, crescimento e desempenho natatório de peixes. As diferentes proporções de camu camu na dieta não causou alterações significativas nos parâmetros hematológicos dos tambaquis durante o período de alimentação, com exceção de hemoglobina (Hb) e concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM), após o 30º dia, e hematócrito (Ht), após o teste de nataçãoBraz.

Growth and hematological responses of tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum fed different levels of rice, Oryza spp.

“…Thus, the use of agroindustrial byproducts, such as rice, as demonstrated in this study, can reduce production costs for tambaqui. This has already been demonstrated with the use of cassava (Aride et al, 2016) and camu camu (Myrciaria dubia HBK Mc Vaugh) (Aride et al, 2018).…”

“…to achieve a balanced diet, and provide enough energy to meet their metabolic needs (Mori-Pinedo, 1999). Studies related to tambaqui feeding in their natural environment have been developed in order to identify available products and their energy rates, which makes possible the inclusion of these in diets (Silva et al, 2003;Aride et al, 2016;Aride et al, 2018). Rice has 28% carbohydrate and carbohydrate is essential for metabolic functions such as nourishment of cells and proper functioning of the central nervous system (Institute of Medicine, 2002).…”

“…The greatest obstacle to aquaculture in the Amazon region is related to the feeding of the fish (Pantoja- Lima et al, 2015a, b;Aride et al, 2018). In this sense, two problems can be identified.…”

Hematological parameters of three species of the peacock bass (Cichla spp.) from Balbina lake, Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil

“…Blood parameters have been used to monitor fish health, determine occurrences of stress and aid in analyses on the general state of fish population health (Tavares- Moraes, 2004, 2007;Pavlidis et al, 2007;Aride et al, 2007Aride et al, , 2010Aride et al, , 2018Ferreira et al, 2013;Oliveira et al, 2017a, b).…”

Diet selenium improves the antioxidant defense system of juveniles Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus L.)

“…The high cost of fish feed still is one of the great difficulties, so, it has been sought ever more efficient strategies to minimize these costs, including to know the needs of each nutrient for each species (Portz et al, 2000;Aride et al, 2018;Brasil, 2017).…”