Changes over time in echocardiographic measurements in young Standardbred racehorses undergoing training and racing and association with racing performance

Buhl, Rikke; Ersbøll, Annette Kjær; Eriksen, L.; Koch, J.

doi:10.2460/javma.2005.226.1881

Cited by 87 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Comparison of echocardiographic measurements in Spanish foals to previously reported values for other equine breeds: LVID, LVFWT, IVST and MV measurements were smaller in the Spanish foals than the values presented for Thoroughbreds [20,31,32] and Standardbreds [1,5,33] older than 20-24 months. In addition to the different age, most of the papers listed above showed data for animals in training.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…Seder et al [26] observed that age-and weightadjusted means for cardiac dimensions were lower in males Thoroughbreds than in females aged between 12 and 27 months. Buhl et al [5] in young Standardbred racehorses reported larger LVID in males. In the Spanish foals of our research, in main lines, the fillies had higher LVIDd, but lower LVIDs, LVFWTs, EPSS and LVM.…”

Section: Comparisons Of Echocardiographic Measurements Between Spanismentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In fact, it has been demonstrated that an eccentric cardiac hypertrophy occurs in response to race training attributable to an increased diastolic stress and thus, higher heart chambers are expected in the trained Thoroughbreds and Standardbreds horses [31][32][33]. Another reason to explain the differences between breeds in the echocardiographic measurements is the effect of HR, which was almost 2-fold higher in the Spanish foals than in Thoroughbreds and Standardbreds [1,5,32]. Patteson et al [21] demonstrated that bradycardia is associated with increased LVIDs and decreased LVFWTs and IVSTs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-Dimensional- and M-Mode Echocardiographic Measurements and Indices of Cardiac Function in Spanish Colts and Fillies of Different Age

Rovira

Muñoz

2009

J. Vet. Med. Sci.

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ABSTRACT. Echocardiographic values need to be established for each age and breed to be applied to equine medicine. The present research aims to describe echocardiographic measurements in Spanish fillies and colts of different age, to compare these values with those previously described for other equine breeds and to determine whether there is an influence of gender on echocardiographic measurements. Seventy unsedated and healthy Spanish foals of both sexes (39 females and 31 males) were divided into five age groups: A (22-60 days; n=15), B (61-90 days; n=13), C (91-180 days; n=18), D (181-270 days; n=12) and E (271-394 days; n=12). The following echocardiographic measurements were made: left ventricular internal dimensions, left ventricular free wall thickness and interventricular septum thickness at systole and at diastole. Mitral and tricuspid valve thickness was also determined. Opening velocity of the mitral valve in early diastole (DE slope), pattern of transmitral flow (E/A ratio) and echocardiographic mitral valve E point-septal separation (EPSS) were calculated from specific points in the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. Aorta diameters were measured at the level of the valve leaflets, at the sino-tubular junction, at the valve level and at the sinus of Valsalva. Performance indices of the left ventricle were obtained. Most of the echocardiographic parameters increased with age, being the increases more marked up to 180 days of age. Fraction shortening, ejection fraction, stroke volume index, fractional septum and fractional wall thickening did not differ between groups. Some differences were found between fillies and colts in the different age groups, which could have been linked to the different body weight.KEY WORDS: age, echocardiography, gender, heart, horses.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 71 (7): [957][958][959][960][961][962][963][964] 2009 Echocardiography has become one of the most important tools in the diagnosis, assessment and prognosis of congenital and acquired heart diseases in horses. Although this fact can be applied to all the animal species, it is especially true in large animals, in which most of the non-invasive cardiac diagnostic tools are of limited value because of their size and the specific anatomy and physiology of the heart [22].Before extended practical application, quantitative echocardiographic measurements are required in order to establish whether cardiac dimensions are appropriate for an individual. Echocardiographic data can be affected by many physiological factors, such as body size [4,9,14,23,28] It has been demonstrated that breed is a factor that can cause echocardiographic measurements in dogs of the same weight to differ [17] and the same might be true for horses. Slater and Herrtage [27] studied 41 horses of mixed age, sex and breed, including small and large ponies and horses. They concluded that it is not possible to predict normal values for equine heart dimensions from data derived from multiple breeds. Most of the articles presenting echocardiographic reference ...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Section: Comparisons Of Echocardiographic Measurements Between Spanismentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-Dimensional- and M-Mode Echocardiographic Measurements and Indices of Cardiac Function in Spanish Colts and Fillies of Different Age

Rovira

Muñoz

2009

J. Vet. Med. Sci.

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“…Körperliches Training hat eine Auswirkung auf die Herzgröße und die Herzfunktion (Young 1999, Buhl et al 2005, Young et al 2005, Sleeper et al 2014. Pferde zeigen dabei ähnli-che trainingsinduzierte Anpassungen des Herzens wie der Mensch, wobei diese Anpassungen beim Pferd jedoch meistens etwas geringer ausgeprägt sind (Harmeyer 2005).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Influence of 3 month of training on heart size and myocardial function in trotters

Gehlen¹,

Schlaga²

2017

PHK

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Zusammenfassung: Um den eventuellen Effekt einer kardialen Dekonditionierung zu erfassen, wurde in dieser Studie eine Gruppe zweijähriger gesunder Trabrennpferde im trainierten Zustand (Rennkondition) und nach einer Trainingspause klinisch und echokardiographisch untersucht. Als echokardiographische Untersuchungsmethoden wurden neben der B-, M-Mode und Farbdopplertechnik auch der Gewebedoppler (Farb-und Spektralgewebedoppler) Influence of 3 month of training on heart size and myocardial function in trottersTo evaluate a possible effect of cardiac deconditioning, a group of 2-year old healthy trotters was examined clinically and by echocardiography in racing condition and after a period of rest. Echocardiographic examinations included 2DE, M-mode, Doppler, TVI assessment (spectral and colour TVI) as well as speckle tracking analysis. Overall, 12 horses were examined twice (trained vs. rested) at a three month interval. Heart sized and myocardial thickness were evaluated by using 2DE and M-mode, all valves by colour Doppler. Myocardial velocities were measured by spectral and colour TVI in the left free ventricular wall, the interventricular septum and the right ventricular wall in radial orientation from right parasternal short-axis echocardiograms. Myocardial deformation parameters strain and strain rate were evaluated by speckle tracking analysis of the left ventricular wall and the interventricular septum from 2DE images. After three month of rest, a significant increase of the left ventricular free wall by 14.54 % (P = 0.006) was found in 2DE images compared to horses in race training. The left ventricular inner diameter had decreased by 4.99 % (P = 0.048). In addition, the isovolumetric relaxation time of the left ventricular free wall showed a significant reduction of 9.52 % (P = 0.040) in spectral Doppler imaging. Ejection time from the left ventricle was increased significantly by 4.69 % (P = 0.019) in colour TVI. Speckle tracking analysis showed a significant increase of early diastolic strain rate in the interventricular septum (P = 0.020). There were no significant differences in all other parameters studied. As all horses had access to pasture during the resting period, voluntary exercise might have been sufficient to compensate for race training.

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“…Sendo que, o conhecimento da anatomia ecocardiográfica normal representa a base para identificação e interpretação dos achados anormais. A mensuração da dimensão cardíaca foi considerada a mais importante ao se avaliar severidade e prognóstico de doenças cardíacas, assim como a resposta ao treinamento (Buhl et al 2005, Zucca et al 2008.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Estabelecimento de índices ecocardiográficos de cavalos de polo

et al. 2011

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495Pesq. Vet. Bras. 31(6): 495-498, junho 2011 RESUMO.-O treinamento atlético permite uma adaptação morfológica e funcional do coração de cavalos submetidos a diferentes tipos de exercício, portanto já foram publicados estudos sobre mensurações ecocardiográficas de cavalos de corrida, cavalos de enduro, cavalos de laço e tambor, cavalos de caça, entre outros, de outra forma, os índices ecocardiográficos de referencia para cavalos de polo não foram relatados na literatura. Sendo assim, foram realizadas mensurações ecocardiográficas em modo-M e 2D de 20 cavalos de polo em treinamento, estando eles divididos em três grupos de faixa etária, ou seja: Grupo I que consistiu de oito animais com idades entre cinco e dez anos, Grupo II com sete animais com idades entre 11 e 15 anos, e o Grupo III com cinco animais com idades entre 16 e 22 anos. Os resultados do nosso estudo demonstraram que não houve diferença estatística entre os diferentes grupos de faixa etária, não foi observado ainda um padrão para os valores de correlações com o peso, sendo eles de fraco a forte, positivo ou negativo. TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO: Ecocardiografia, fisiologia do exercício, cavalos de polo. INTRODUÇÃOA capacidade do coração de bombear sangue suficiente para atender as exigências do cavalo durante o exercício é essencial para manter o desempenho atlético desses animais. Para suprir a nova demanda, o coração se ajusta aos requeridos aumentos nas atividades metabólicas e mecânicas, resultando em adaptações bioquímicas, elé-tricas, morfológicas e mecânicas do músculo cardíaco que, em conjunto, proporcionam uma melhora em sua função. Estas adaptações reduzem o estresse sobre as paredes ventriculares e, ao mesmo tempo, atendem à maior demanda de suprimento sanguíneo, permitindo ao animal atingir o desempenho máximo. Sendo assim, o termo "coração atleta" vem sendo empregado para descrever as adap- The athletic training allows for morphologic and functional heart of horses undergoing different types of exercise, so studies have been published on the echocardiographic measurements of race horses, endurance horses and barrel horses, hunting horse, among others, otherwise, the echocardiographic indices of reference for polo ponies were not reported. Thus, echocardiographic measurements were performed in M-mode and 2D 20 polo horses in training, when they were divided into three age groups, namely: Group I consisted of eight animals aged between five and ten years, Group II with seven animals aged between 11 and 15 years, and Group III with five animals aged 16 to 22 years. The results of our study showed no statistical difference among different age groups, there was no standard yet for the values of correlations with weight, they are weak to strong, positive or negative.INDEX TERMS: Echocardiographic index, exercise physiology, polo horses.

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Changes over time in echocardiographic measurements in young Standardbred racehorses undergoing training and racing and association with racing performance

Cited by 87 publications

References 32 publications

Two-Dimensional- and M-Mode Echocardiographic Measurements and Indices of Cardiac Function in Spanish Colts and Fillies of Different Age

Two-Dimensional- and M-Mode Echocardiographic Measurements and Indices of Cardiac Function in Spanish Colts and Fillies of Different Age

Influence of 3 month of training on heart size and myocardial function in trotters

Estabelecimento de índices ecocardiográficos de cavalos de polo

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