Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2023)

Zerbini, F. Murilo; Siddell, Stuart G.; Lefkowitz, Elliot J.; Mushegian, Arcady; Adriaenssens, Evelien M.; Alfenas‐Zerbini, Poliane; Dempsey, Donald M.; Dutilh, Bas E.; García, María Laura; Hendrickson, R. Curtis; Junglen, Sandra; Krupovìč, Mart; Kuhn, Jens H.; Lambert, Amy J.; Łobocka, Małgorzata; Oksanen, Hanna M.; Robertson, David L.; Rubino, Luisa; Sabanadzovic, Sead; Simmonds, Peter; Smith, Donald B.; Suzuki, Nobuhiro; Doorslaer, Koenraad Van; Vandamme, Anne‐Mieke; Varsani, Arvind

doi:10.1007/s00705-023-05797-4

Cited by 57 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In a recent proposal by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the families Podoviridae , Siphoviridae , and Myoviridae as well as the order Caudovirales were abolished, and a binomial system of nomenclature for species was proposed that included gene transfer agents (GTAs) in the taxonomic framework by classifying them as viriforms. This led to the creation of one class, seven orders, 31 families, 214 genera, and 858 species [ 17 ]. Due to the recently mandated binomial nomenclature format, 8982 of the current 11,273 species now have binomial names.…”

Section: Classification Of Bacteriophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacteriophage–Host Interactions and the Therapeutic Potential of Bacteriophages

Dicks,

Vermeulen

2024

Viruses

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Healthcare faces a major problem with the increased emergence of antimicrobial resistance due to over-prescribing antibiotics. Bacteriophages may provide a solution to the treatment of bacterial infections given their specificity. Enzymes such as endolysins, exolysins, endopeptidases, endosialidases, and depolymerases produced by phages interact with bacterial surfaces, cell wall components, and exopolysaccharides, and may even destroy biofilms. Enzymatic cleavage of the host cell envelope components exposes specific receptors required for phage adhesion. Gram-positive bacteria are susceptible to phage infiltration through their peptidoglycan, cell wall teichoic acid (WTA), lipoteichoic acids (LTAs), and flagella. In Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), pili, and capsules serve as targets. Defense mechanisms used by bacteria differ and include physical barriers (e.g., capsules) or endogenous mechanisms such as clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein (Cas) systems. Phage proteins stimulate immune responses against specific pathogens and improve antibiotic susceptibility. This review discusses the attachment of phages to bacterial cells, the penetration of bacterial cells, the use of phages in the treatment of bacterial infections, and the limitations of phage therapy. The therapeutic potential of phage-derived proteins and the impact that genomically engineered phages may have in the treatment of infections are summarized.

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Section: Classification Of Bacteriophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the recently mandated binomial nomenclature format, 8982 of the current 11,273 species now have binomial names. For further information, the reader is referred to Zerbini et al [ 17 ]. Phage genomes are either single-stranded (ss)DNA, double-stranded (ds)DNA, dsRNA, or ssRNA.…”

Section: Classification Of Bacteriophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophage–Host Interactions and the Therapeutic Potential of Bacteriophages

Dicks,

Vermeulen

2024

Viruses

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“…Coxsackieviruses belonging to the Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family are classified under Enterovirus A and Enterovirus B species [ 1 , 2 ]. Enterovirus A species consisting of Coxsackievirus A serotypes primarily cause diseases associated with the skin, mucous membranes, and musculoskeletal systems, such as Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mt10 Vaccine Protects Diversity Outbred Mice from CVB3 Infection by Producing Virus-Specific Neutralizing Antibodies and Diverse Antibody Isotypes

Rasquinha,

Mone,

Sur

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs) cause a wide range of diseases in humans, but no vaccines are currently available to prevent these infections. Previously, we had demonstrated that a live attenuated CVB3 vaccine virus, Mutant 10 (Mt10), offers protection against multiple CVB serotypes as evaluated in various inbred mouse strains; however, the applicability of these findings to the outbred human population remains uncertain. To address this issue, we used Diversity Outbred (DO) mice, whose genome is derived from eight inbred mouse strains that may capture the level of genetic diversity of the outbred human population. To determine the efficacy of the Mt10 vaccine, we established the CVB3 infection model in the DO mice. We noted that CVB3 infection resulted mainly in pancreatitis, although viral RNA was detected in both the pancreas and heart. Histologically, the pancreatic lesions comprised of necrosis, post-necrotic atrophy, and lymphocyte infiltration. In evaluating the efficacy of the Mt10 vaccine, both male and female DO mice were completely protected in challenge studies with CVB3, and viral RNA was not detected in the heart or pancreas. Likewise, vaccine recipients of both sexes showed significant levels of virus-neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, by using the CVB3 viral protein 1, virus-reactive antibodies were found to be diverse in the order of IgG2c, followed by IgG2a, IgG2b/IgG3, and IgG1. Together, the data suggest that the Mt10 vaccine virus can offer protection against CVB infections that may have translational significance.

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“…All tailed phages were assigned to the class Caudoviricetes , which belonged, in turn, to the type Uroviricota of the kingdom Heunggongvirae of the realm Duplodnaviria . In 2022–2023, the new system was further refined, with the emergence of new high-ranking taxa at the level of subfamilies and higher, as well as new genera [ 9 , 10 ]. However, most of the more than 20,000 bacteriophages known to science, whose genomes are presented in the NCBI GenBank database, have not yet been classified, which is partly due to difficulties in substantiating the taxonomic descriptions of phages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xanthomonas Phage PBR31: Classifying the Unclassifiable

Tarakanov,

Evseev,

et al. 2024

Viruses

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The ability of bacteriophages to destroy bacteria has made them the subject of extensive research. Interest in bacteriophages has recently increased due to the spread of drug-resistant bacteria, although genomic research has not kept pace with the growth of genomic data. Genomic analysis and, especially, the taxonomic description of bacteriophages are often difficult due to the peculiarities of the evolution of bacteriophages, which often includes the horizontal transfer of genes and genomic modules. The latter is particularly pronounced for temperate bacteriophages, which are capable of integration into the bacterial chromosome. Xanthomonas phage PBR31 is a temperate bacteriophage, which has been neither described nor classified previously, that infects the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Genomic analysis, including phylogenetic studies, indicated the separation of phage PBR31 from known classified bacteriophages, as well as its distant relationship with other temperate bacteriophages, including the Lederbervirus group. Bioinformatic analysis of proteins revealed distinctive features of PBR31, including the presence of a protein similar to the small subunit of D-family DNA polymerase and advanced lysis machinery. Taxonomic analysis showed the possibility of assigning phage PBR31 to a new taxon, although the complete taxonomic description of Xanthomonas phage PBR31 and other related bacteriophages is complicated by the complex evolutionary history of the formation of its genome. The general biological features of the PBR31 phage were analysed for the first time. Due to its presumably temperate lifestyle, there is doubt as to whether the PBR31 phage is appropriate for phage control purposes. Bioinformatics analysis, however, revealed the presence of cell wall-degrading enzymes that can be utilised for the treatment of bacterial infections.

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Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2023)

Cited by 57 publications

References 2 publications

Bacteriophage–Host Interactions and the Therapeutic Potential of Bacteriophages

Bacteriophage–Host Interactions and the Therapeutic Potential of Bacteriophages

Mt10 Vaccine Protects Diversity Outbred Mice from CVB3 Infection by Producing Virus-Specific Neutralizing Antibodies and Diverse Antibody Isotypes

Xanthomonas Phage PBR31: Classifying the Unclassifiable

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