Chapter 1 Plate Tectonic Control of Global Patterns of Detrital and Carbonate Sedimentation

Hay, William W.; Rosol, M. J.; Sloan, James L.; Jory, D. E.

doi:10.1016/s0070-4571(08)70163-8

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For example, local relief (Ahnert 1970;Jansen & Painter 1974) is correlative with large-scale relief (Summer Þ eld & Hulton 1994), and ice cover and ice-melt scales with solar radiation and relief . Precipitation intensity is captured in part through basin relief (Fournier 1960;Jansen & Painter 1974;Hay et al 1987). Run-off is correlative with basin area (Walling 1987;Milliman & Syvitski 1992;Mulder & Syvitski 1996): in our Arctic river data (Table 1), average discharge Q, scales with basin area A (Q = 0.93A 0.82 at R 2 = 0.892; Fig.…”

Section: Drainage Basin Properties Affecting Sediment Loadmentioning

confidence: 71%

Sediment discharge variability in Arctic rivers: implications for a warmer future

Syvitski

2002

Polar Research

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A new model for predicting the sediment ß ux in ungauged river basins is applied to 46 Arctic to sub-Arctic rivers. The model predicts the preanthropogenic ß ux of sediment to within a factor of 2, across four orders of magnitude in basin area and run-off. The model explains for the Þ rst time why Arctic rivers carry so little sediment when compared at the global scale. Sensitive to drainage basin temperature, the model is used to examine the impact of a climate warming scenario on the loads of high latitude rivers. As the Arctic warms, rivers will carry increased sediment loads, similar to more temperate rivers. For every 2 °C warming, the model predicts a 22 % increase in the ß ux of sediment carried by rivers. For every 20 % increase in water discharge there will be a 10 % increase in sediment load. The model also aids the interpretation of palaeoclimate records obtained from Arctic continental margins.

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Section: Drainage Basin Properties Affecting Sediment Loadmentioning

confidence: 71%

Sediment discharge variability in Arctic rivers: implications for a warmer future

Syvitski

2002

Polar Research

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“…This means that less parent rock will be broken down into particles small enough to be eroded. Because of the nonlinear relationship between temperature and saturation vapor pressure, lower temperatures imply a decrease in precipitation (Hay et al 1987. At the same time, lower temperatures imply that evaporation and evapotranspiration rates will also decrease, so that land areas can be expected to show a greater decline than oceanic regions.…”

Section: The Late Neogene Increase In Sediment Deposition Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Late Cenozoic uplift - climate change paradox

Hay

Söding

DeConto

et al. 2002

International Journal of Earth Sciences

117

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The geologic evidence for worldwide uplift of mountain ranges in the Neogene is ambiguous. Estimates of paleoelevation vary, according to whether they are based on the characteristics of fossil floras, on the masses and grain sizes of eroded sediments, or on calculations of increased thickness of the lithosphere as a result of faulting. Detrital erosion rates can be increased both by increased relief in the drainage basin and by a change to more seasonal rainfall patterns. The geologic record provides no clear answer to the question whether uplift caused the climatic deterioration of the Neogene or whether the changing climate affected the erosion system in such a way as to create an illusion of uplift. We suggest that the spread of C 4 plants in the Late Miocene may have altered both the erosion and climate systems. These changes are responsible for the apparent contradictions between data supporting uplift and those supporting high elevations in the past. A brief historical perspectiveLyell (1830) was impressed by the marked contrast between the conditions required for deposition of the Carboniferous coals as opposed to the present climate. Convinced that the climate of the British Isles had been different in the past, he proposed that the change reflected differences in the global latitudinal distribution of land and sea, arguing that with more extensive land areas in the polar regions, the earth would become cooler, and conversely, with more land in the equatorial regions, the earth would be warmer.

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“…The paleotopography was initially estimated using the proposition of Hay (1981), Southam and Hay (1981), and Hay et al (1987) that major features of continental topography are a result of only three factors related to plate tectonic processes:…”

Section: Summary Of Paleogeography and Paleotopographymentioning

confidence: 99%

General circulation model simulations of Triassic climates: Preliminary results

Wilson¹,

Pollard²,

Hay³

et al. 1994

Geological Society of America Special Papers

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The climates of two realistic geographic representations of the Triassic earth, corresponding in age to the Scythian (245 Ma) and the Carnian (225 Ma), are explored using a new atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) called GENE-SIS. The GENESIS AGCM is coupled to a slab ocean 50 m thick, with prescribed heat transport; it also incorporates three types of cloud cover and new models for vegetation effects, soil hydrology, snow cover, and sea-ice formation and melting. Boundary conditions prescribed in the separate Scythian and Carnian experiments include realistic paleogeography and estimates of paleotopography, solar insolation, atmospheric C0 2 concentration, vegetation and soil types, and oceanic heat flux. Seasonal simulations of Triassic climate were performed using a horizontal spectral resolution of R15 (4.5 degrees latitude by 7.5 degrees longitude) and 12 levels in the vertical for the atmosphere and 2° x 2* for the surface.Results for both time intervals suggest that most of the seasonal precipitation fell on major highland areas of Pangea. Dry continental climates with very large seasonal temperature ranges (>45°C) were modeled in the dominantly lowland interior of Pangea. Carnian continental climates predicted by the AGCM were wetter than those of the Scythian; however, both time intervals were characterized by strongly monsoonal circulation. Comparison of these results with lithologic and fossil proxy climatic indicators suggests reasonably good correlations. However, the extreme temperature variations predicted for both Scythian and Carnian are somewhat difficult to reconcile with the fossil record, although accurate interpretation of fossil proxy climatic indicators is not a simple matter. Additional AGCM sensitivity studies may be necessary to resolve this problem.

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Chapter 1 Plate Tectonic Control of Global Patterns of Detrital and Carbonate Sedimentation

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Sediment discharge variability in Arctic rivers: implications for a warmer future

Sediment discharge variability in Arctic rivers: implications for a warmer future

The Late Cenozoic uplift - climate change paradox

General circulation model simulations of Triassic climates: Preliminary results

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