Chapter 17 Fasting and starvation

Navarro, Isabel; Gutiérrez, Joaquím

doi:10.1016/s1873-0140(06)80020-2

Cited by 260 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…There were also significant differences between the plasma cholesterol levels of the deprived fish for 2 weeks and control group. Triglycerides are the most available lipid reserve during the early phases of food deprivation (Navarro & Gutiérrez 1995). Pérez-Jimenez et al (2007) have demonstrated that starvation can decrease in plasma total triglyceride and cholesterol levels during food deprivation periods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As reviewed by Navarro and Gutiérrez (1995) and McCue (2010), the majority of fishes may only tolerate several days or weeks of starvation, whereas some fishes such as European eel, Anguilla Anguilla, are reported to survive nearly four years of starvation (Boetius & Boetius 1985). Food availability can vary over the time of day or month (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Food availability can vary over the time of day or month (e.g. during migrations and reproduction in natural environments and because of handling and pathogens in captivity) (Navarro & Gutiérrez 1995;McCue 2010;Davis & Gaylord 2011). The patchy distribution of planktonic preys as well as inter and intra specific competition can lead to variation in food availability (Mommsen 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The blood glucose response to food fluctuations or depletion largely occurs at the expense of liver glycogen, at least during the initial stage of starvation (Navarro & Gutiérrez 1995). During fasting the most available fat reserve seems to be triglycerides (Larsson & Lewander 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some studies have reported an increase or steady levels of plasma triglyceride at the early stages of starvation (Echevarría et al 1997;Kirchner et al 2005). The metabolic responses of fasting depend on many variables including environmental conditions, period of food deprivation, fish species and the previous feeding history (Navarro & Gutiérrez 1995). Fish immune responses may be influenced by nutritional states and feed deprivation (Kiron 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of starvation on some immunological and biochemical parameters in tinfoil barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii)

Eslamloo

Morshedi

Azodi

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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In this study, the effect of short-term starvation (0, 1 and 2 weeks) on biochemical parameters and nonspecific immune response of tinfoil barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) was investigated. Fish in three different groups were deprived of feed for 0 (control), 1 (S 1 ) and 2 (S 2 ) weeks, respectively. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for biochemical and immunological analyses. The results indicated that plasma glucose, cholesterol and peroxidase levels and haemolytic complement activity were significantly lower in starved fish for 2 weeks than those in fed fish and in starved fish for 1 week. Plasma lysozyme activity significantly changed in different starvation periods in all treatment groups. However, no significant effect was observed on plasma antiprotease activity. There were significant differences between the control and the food-deprived groups in plasma triglyceride levels. Starvation increased plasma total protein, albumin and globulin in the deprived groups compared with the control group. The results of this study showed significant changes in nonspecific immune parameters, plasma glucose levels and other metabolites in this species after feed deprivation that are indicative of the relationship between starvation effects and the extension of starvation period. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effect of starvation on some immunological and biochemical parameters in tinfoil barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii)

Eslamloo

Morshedi

Azodi

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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Maintenance of Distal Intestinal Structure in the Face of Prolonged Fasting: A Comparative Examination of Species From Five Vertebrate Classes

McCue

Passement

Meyerholz

2017

The Anatomical Record

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It was recently shown that fasting alters the composition of microbial communities residing in the distal intestinal tract of animals representing five classes of vertebrates [i.e., fishes (tilapia), amphibians (toads), reptiles (leopard geckos), birds (quail), and mammals (mice)]. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that the extent of tissue reorganization in the fasted distal intestine was correlated with the observed changes in enteric microbial diversity. Segments of intestine adjacent to those used for the microbiota study were examined histologically to quantify cross-sectional and mucosal surface areas as well as thicknesses of mucosa, submucosa, and tunica muscularis. We found no fasting-induced differences in the morphology of distal intestines of the mice (3d), quail (7d), or geckos (28d). The toads, which exhibited a general increase in phylogenetic diversity of their enteric microbiota with fasting, also exhibited reduced mucosal circumference at 14 and 21 days of fasting. Tilapia showed increased phylogenetic diversity of their enteric microbiota, and showed a thickened tunica muscularis at 21 days fasting; but this morphological change was not related to microbial diversity or absorptive surface area, and thus, is unlikely to functionally match the changes in their microbiome. Given that fasting caused significant increases and reductions in the enteric microbial diversity of mice and quail, respectively, but no detectable changes in distal intestine morphology, we conclude that reorganization is not the primary factor shaping changes in microbial diversity within the fasted colon, and the observed modest structural changes are more related to the fasted state.

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Integrative Physiology of Fasting

Secor

Carey

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

149

144

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Extended bouts of fasting are ingrained in the ecology of many organisms, characterizing aspects of reproduction, development, hibernation, estivation, migration, and infrequent feeding habits. The challenge of long fasting episodes is the need to maintain physiological homeostasis while relying solely on endogenous resources. To meet that challenge, animals utilize an integrated repertoire of behavioral, physiological, and biochemical responses that reduce metabolic rates, maintain tissue structure and function, and thus enhance survival. We have synthesized in this review the integrative physiological, morphological, and biochemical responses, and their stages, that characterize natural fasting bouts. Underlying the capacity to survive extended fasts are behaviors and mechanisms that reduce metabolic expenditure and shift the dependency to lipid utilization. Hormonal regulation and immune capacity are altered by fasting; hormones that trigger digestion, elevate metabolism, and support immune performance become depressed, whereas hormones that enhance the utilization of endogenous substrates are elevated. The negative energy budget that accompanies fasting leads to the loss of body mass as fat stores are depleted and tissues undergo atrophy (i.e., loss of mass). Absolute rates of body mass loss scale allometrically among vertebrates. Tissues and organs vary in the degree of atrophy and downregulation of function, depending on the degree to which they are used during the fast. Fasting affects the population dynamics and activities of the gut microbiota, an interplay that impacts the host's fasting biology. Fasting-induced gene expression programs underlie the broad spectrum of integrated physiological mechanisms responsible for an animal's ability to survive long episodes of natural fasting.

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Chapter 17 Fasting and starvation

Cited by 260 publications

References 143 publications

Effect of starvation on some immunological and biochemical parameters in tinfoil barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii)

Effect of starvation on some immunological and biochemical parameters in tinfoil barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii)

Maintenance of Distal Intestinal Structure in the Face of Prolonged Fasting: A Comparative Examination of Species From Five Vertebrate Classes

Integrative Physiology of Fasting

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