Chapter 19 FROM THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF REALITY: A TREATISE IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF KNOWLEDGE

Berger, Peter L.; Luckmann, Thomas

doi:10.1515/9780691229270-020

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“…Postmodern planning theorists condemned these practices and the rational paradigm that shaped them, rightly provoked by bad consequences of modern planning. These critiques also drew on new thinking that questioned the objectivity of scientific knowledge, suggesting that knowledge is a social construct (Berger and Luckmann, 1966). Now planning practice was no longer “scientific” and planners were not experts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On planning, planning theories, and practices: A critical reflection

Alexander

2022

Planning Theory

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The futility of defining planning suggests that there is no planning as a recognizable practice. Sociology of knowledge definitions imply three kinds of planning practices: (1) Generic “planning”—what people do when they are planning; (2) Knowledge-centered “something” (e.g., spatial) planning; and (3) Real planning practiced in specific contexts, from metro-regional planning for Jakarta to transportation planning for the Trans-Europe Network, and enacted in general contexts, for example, informal- or Southern planning. Planning theories are linked to different practices: generic “planning” theories and “something” (e.g., regional, community, environmental, or Southern) planning theories. Selected topics illustrate the “planning” theory discourse and spatial planning theories are briefly reviewed. Three generations of planning practice studies are reviewed: the first, a-theoretical; the second, the “practice movement,” who studied practice for their own theorizing; and the third, informed by practice theories. Five books about planning show how their planning theorist authors understand planning practice. While recognizing planning as diverse practices, they hardly apply “planning” theory to planning practices. “Planning” theories are divorced from enacted planning practices, “something” (e.g., spatial) planning theories include constructive adaptations of “planning” theories and paradigms, but knowledge about real planning practices is limited. Implications from these conclusions are drawn for planning theory, education, and practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On planning, planning theories, and practices: A critical reflection

Alexander

2022

Planning Theory

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“…The epistemological approach of this study is social constructionism. In social constructionism, the world we live in is constructed through thoughts, actions and interactions (Berger & Luckmann, 1966). Social constructionist methodologies encourage a deeper look at ‘who’ is perceiving and experiencing ‘what’ in the context of ‘where’, since knowledge and understanding are context-specific.…”

Section: Explanation and Justification Of Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ASK a Midwife: A Qualitative Study Protocol

Stone¹,

Thomson

Tegethoff³

2021

International Journal of Qualitative Methods

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Midwife-led institutions, also called free-standing birth centres, offer birth assistance to women at low risk for complications. Free-standing birth centres, because they are the institutions that provide low intervention birth assistance, also present the possibility to conduct research on the skills and knowledge that are necessary to provide safe care for women who are at low risk for complications desiring an out-of-hospital birth. The aim of this study is to reveal the skills and knowledge necessary to provide care at low intervention births in free-standing birth centres in Germany for midwives post-certification. The theoretical and methodological standpoint of this study is hermeneutic phenomenology. In-depth qualitative methods will be used that are particularly sensitive to the research participants and their social context and allow for complexity, detail and context. The research sites are free-standing birth centres in Germany. Three strands of data will be collected. Each birth centre has its own quality management handbook. From this handbook, the chapter concerning the induction of new midwives will be analysed. Small focus groups will be held in ten birth centres throughout Germany; and data will be collected from 10 to 20 midwives during their induction period at the birth centre. The data collection methods will be open-ended interviews, data capture, journaling and non-participant observation with the new midwives. In-depth data analysis will reveal midwives’ experiences of skill acquisition in free-standing birth centres. The findings will be used to produce key recommendations for training midwives to work in birth centres.

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“…However, Holzner differed from Berger and Luckmann (1966) in terms of his theoretical pursuits. While Berger and Luckmann (1966) ideas are focused on the construction of shared symbolic world, which is endowed with both objective and subjective reality, Holzner (1972) dealt with the social distribution and control of reality construction (Segre, 2016).…”

Section: Social Constructionism (Sc): Theoretical Origins and Develop...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, they internalize or make it part of their everyday practices and future generations are born into a world where these ideas already exist (Burr, 1995). Thus, Berger and Luckmann (1966) were concerned with the subjective and objective construction of meaning (Segre, 2016). For example, it is now natural for a Bangladeshi to think that that sex out of marriage is abnormal behavior.…”

Section: Social Constructionism (Sc): Theoretical Origins and Develop...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Foucauldian Discourse Analysis: Moving Beyond a Social Constructionist Analytic

Khan

MacEachen

2021

International Journal of Qualitative Methods

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Although social constructionism (SC) and Foucauldian discourse analysis (FDA) are well established constructionist analytical methods, this article propose that Foucauldian discourse analysis is more useful for qualitative data analysis as it examines social legitimacy. While the SC is able to illuminate how the “meaning” of our social action is constructed through our everyday interaction in socio-cultural and political contexts, questions emerge that are beyond the scope of the SC. These questions are concerned with understanding how the construction of “meaning” is connected to the power imbalance in our society, as well as how a particular version of reality comes to us as truth, having excluded other versions. Moreover, SC does not distinguish between successful and unsuccessful/marginalized claims. This article reflects on how using FDA addresses weaknesses in SC when used in qualitative data analysis, using specific examples from different literature.

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Chapter 19 FROM THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF REALITY: A TREATISE IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF KNOWLEDGE

Cited by 1,020 publications

References 0 publications

On planning, planning theories, and practices: A critical reflection

On planning, planning theories, and practices: A critical reflection

ASK a Midwife: A Qualitative Study Protocol

Foucauldian Discourse Analysis: Moving Beyond a Social Constructionist Analytic

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