Chapter 23 Biogeography of early to mid Palaeozoic (Cambrian–Devonian) marine phytoplankton

Molyneux, Stewart G.; Delabroye, Aurélien; Wicander, Reed; Servais, Thomas

doi:10.1144/m38.23

Cited by 47 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Late Ordovician provincialism of the organic-walled phytoplankton distribution has been recognised by different authors (e.g., Vecoli and Samuelson, 2001;Molyneux et al, 2013;Harper and Servais, 2013;Rubinstein et al, 2015). According to Delabroye et al (2011b) the differences between Baltic/Laurentia and Gondwana palaeophytoprovinces were caused by the Rheic Ocean which constituted a barrier for the phytoplankton migration during the Hirnantian glaciation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This provincialism has been interpreted mainly as a result of sea level changes of the Rheic Ocean during pre-glacial, glacial and post-glacial events (Delabroye et al, 2011a). However, in the Llandovery and Wenlock, local environmental factors such as the distance to the shoreline, could have had more influence on acritarch distribution than the oceanic circulation and palaeogeographical location (Le Hérissé and Gourvennec, 1995;Delabroye et al, 2011a;Molyneux et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palynology and palynofacies analysis of a Silurian (Llandovery–Wenlock) marine succession from the Precordillera of western Argentina: Palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental significance

Muro

Rubinstein

Martínez

2016

Marine Micropaleontology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palynology and palynofacies analysis of a Silurian (Llandovery–Wenlock) marine succession from the Precordillera of western Argentina: Palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental significance

Muro

Rubinstein

Martínez

2016

Marine Micropaleontology

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“…Among the acritarchs and prasinophycean phycomata assemblages in the QSIM-801 section, the presence of Arkonia, Frankea and Striatotheca clearly indicates affinities with the temperate to cold Mediterranean (or Perigondwana) Province (Molyneux et al, 2013). Even if no direct relationship between acritarch biogeography and paleolatitude and/or climatic belts can be demonstrated (Molyneux et al, 2013), the distribution of certain genera, such as Frankea, seems restricted to areas of high paleolatitudes, characterized by cold water masses (Colbath, 1990;Tongiorgi et al, 1995;Vecoli et al, 1999a, b).…”

Section: Biozonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even if no direct relationship between acritarch biogeography and paleolatitude and/or climatic belts can be demonstrated (Molyneux et al, 2013), the distribution of certain genera, such as Frankea, seems restricted to areas of high paleolatitudes, characterized by cold water masses (Colbath, 1990;Tongiorgi et al, 1995;Vecoli et al, 1999a, b).…”

Section: Biozonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle Ordovician acritarchs and problematic organic-walled microfossils from the Saq-Hanadir transitional beds in the QSIM-801 well, Saudi Arabia

Hérissé

Vecoli

Guidat

et al. 2017

Revue de Micropaléontologie

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Core samples from the QSIM-801 water well, drilled in central Saudi Arabia, cover a 93-foot interval spanning the transition between the Sajir Member of the Saq Formation, that consists mainly of sandstones of tidal sand flat environments, and the Hanadir Member of the Qasim Formation, characterized by argillaceous graptolitic mudstones, corresponding to a tidal delta front. The samples contain abundant, exceptionally well-preserved and diverse palynomorphs, which include cryptospores, acritarchs and chitinozoans, other problematic organic-walled microfossils as well as other organic particles such as cuticle-like fragments. The studied interval is biostratigraphically well constrained by the presence of chitinozoans of the formosa and pissotensis Zones of late-early to late Darriwilian age (Middle Ordovician) in the uppermost Saq Formation and Hanadir Member. The biostratigraphic age of the Sajir Member considered to span the Dapingian-Darriwilian boundary, is re-discussed based on the results herein. The uppermost part of the Sajir Member yielded the ichnofossil, Phycodes fusiforme. Acritarch assemblages from the Sajir Member of the Saq Formation are poorly diversified and dominated by sphaeromorphs. More diverse assemblages of acritarchs, associated with enigmatic forms, occur in the Hanadir Member of the Qasim Formation. The contact between the two formations and the transition between the palynomorph assemblages are sharp, suggesting a stratigraphic hiatus. A quantitative analysis allows us to discuss the paleoenvironmental changes and possibly climatic changes associated with an hypothesis of ice house conditions during this period. Among the diagnostic acritarch taxa observed are Frankea breviuscula, F. longiuscula, Baltisphaeridium ternatum, Dasydorus cirritus, Dicrodiacrodium ancoriforme, Poikilofusa ciliaris, Pterospermopsis colbathii and Uncinisphaera fusticula. These are associated with other typical forms known to range across the Lower-Middle Ordovician boundary, such as Aremoricanium rigaudae, Aureotesta clathrata, Barakella fortunata, B. rara, Baltisphaeridium klabavense, Glaucotesta latiramosa and Striatotheca spp. Galeate and peteinoid acritarchs are also well represented, as well as tiny forms of ultraplanctonic size. Three new species of acritarchs are proposed: Frankea longiuscula var. darriwilense var. nov, Micrhystridium regulum sp. nov, and Tyrannus proteus sp. nov. Repeated occurrences throughout the section of cryptospores, problematic microfossils such as organic filaments, cuticle-like tissues, striated and pigmented leiospheres frequently in clusters, are interpreted to reflect recurrent terrestrial and freshwater inputs in the depositional environment. Single-specimen, highresolution analyses using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy on the enigmatic form Tyrannus proteus sp. nov. show fluorescence emission spectra and microstructural properties significantly different from those of typical marine acritarchs from the same levels.

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“…Within the plankton the acritarchs and associated taxa formed the phytoplankton and displayed varying degrees of provinciality through the Early Palaeozoic (Molyneux et al 2013). This was most marked during the early stages of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event and the terminal Ordovician extinctions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Chapter 1 Early Palaeozoic biogeography and palaeogeography: towards a modern synthesis

Harper

Servais

2013

Memoirs

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Chapter 23 Biogeography of early to mid Palaeozoic (Cambrian–Devonian) marine phytoplankton

Cited by 47 publications

References 145 publications

Palynology and palynofacies analysis of a Silurian (Llandovery–Wenlock) marine succession from the Precordillera of western Argentina: Palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental significance

Palynology and palynofacies analysis of a Silurian (Llandovery–Wenlock) marine succession from the Precordillera of western Argentina: Palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental significance

Middle Ordovician acritarchs and problematic organic-walled microfossils from the Saq-Hanadir transitional beds in the QSIM-801 well, Saudi Arabia

Chapter 1 Early Palaeozoic biogeography and palaeogeography: towards a modern synthesis

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