Chapter 4 The Appalachian Foreland Basin in Eastern United States

Ettensohn, Frank R.

doi:10.1016/s1874-5997(08)00004-x

Cited by 75 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 246 publications

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“…The Appalachian Basin is a multistage retroarc foreland basin that formed over approximately 220 million years in response to tectonic loading during four nearly continuous orogenies on the eastern margin of Laurentia (Ettensohn, 2008). From the Precambrian to the Permian, the Appalachian Basin has been through at least four cycles of continent and oceanic crustal collision, compression, mountain building and basin infill.…”

Section: Marcellus Formation Appalachian Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Bedding-Parallel Fractures in Shale - Morphology, Size Distribution and Spatial Organization

Wang¹,

Gale²

2017

Geological Society of America Abstracts With Programs

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Section: Marcellus Formation Appalachian Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These promontories served to localize shortening and deformation (Figure 1-7). They went through greater compression which led to greater flexural subsidence, and formed four major depocenters (Ettensohn, 1985(Ettensohn, , 1994(Ettensohn, , 2008Ferrill and Thomas, 1988;Lash and Engelder, 2011;Lavoie, 2008).…”

Section: Marcellus Formation Appalachian Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Bedding-Parallel Fractures in Shale - Morphology, Size Distribution and Spatial Organization

Wang¹,

Gale²

2017

Geological Society of America Abstracts With Programs

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“…The Appalachian Basin is a composite foreland basin that contains a thick sequence of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks (Ettensohn, 2008). These rocks have been subjected to a number of orogenic events, resulting in faulting and folding.…”

Section: Appalachian Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inventory of Shale Formations in the US, Including Geologic, Geochemical, Hydrological, Mechanical, and Thermal Characteristics

Dobson¹,

Houseworth²

2014

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SUMMARY Inventory of Shale Formations in the USThis section provides a summary of the distribution, thickness, and depth of selected shale formations found within many of the sedimentary basins in the contiguous US. Clay-rich shale formations have a number of properties, such as low permeability, high cation exchange potential, and the ability to self seal, which make them candidates for a geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste. The United States has an abundance of thick shale deposits that span a wide range of geologic ages, mineralogic compositions, and geologic environments, some of which might be suitable for hosting repositories to safeguard radioactive waste. The objective of this report is to build upon previous compilations of shale formations within many of the major sedimentary basins in the US by developing GIS data delineating isopach and structural depth maps for many of these units. These data are being incorporated into the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) digital GIS database being developed for determining host rock distribution and depth/thickness parameters consistent with repository design. Additional rock properties, such as total organic carbon (TOC) abundance and thermal maturity, are also included where available. Rock Properties and In-Situ Conditions for Shale Estimated from Sonic Velocity MeasurementsThis section extends the development of methods to assess hydrological and geomechanical properties and conditions for shale formations based on sonic velocity measurements as reported in . In that effort, publically available data sets were identified for shales under investigation for nuclear waste disposal in Europe and from shales of interest for oil exploration and production in the North Sea. These data were used in the development of several correlations which link properties to sonic compressional velocity. The advantage of using correlations based on sonic velocity is that properties can be estimated from geophysical logs. This information is often more readily available than direct property measurements on core that would otherwise be required. Furthermore, geophysical logs typically provide a continuous readout along wells that can be more readily used to characterize spatial variability in properties. In this report additional information is provided on the correlation between clay content and sonic velocity presented in .Additional correlations are developed here between the sonic velocity and thermal properties, i.e., thermal conductivity and specific heat. Correlations between sonic velocity and the van Genuchten capillary strength parameter and the van Genuchten pore-size-distribution index are also presented. These van Genuchten parameters can be used for the computation of two-phase capillary pressure and relative permeability parameter functions of saturation. The correlations developed were then used to assess properties and conditions in several shale formations of interest within the United States which have publically available data on sonic veloc...

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“…subduction, closure of an ocean basin and orogeny, lead to the creation of foreland basins. When mountains are built through the closure of an ocean basin, tectonic loading of the crust during incremental growth of the orogen leads to the creation of accommodation space on both sides of the orogen (Ettensohn, 2008). Accommodation space creation is initially very rapid, and shallow transgressive seas move across the basin.…”

Section: Mature Ocean Basin and Closurementioning

confidence: 99%

Phanerozoic environments of black shale deposition and the Wilson Cycle

Trabucho‐Alexandre

Hay²,

Boer

2012

Solid Earth

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Abstract. The spatial and temporal distribution of black shales is related to the development of environments in which they accumulate and to a propitious combination of environmental variables. In recent years, much has been done to improve our understanding of the mechanisms behind the temporal distribution of black shales in the Phanerozoic and of the environmental variables that result in their deposition. However, the interpretation of ancient black shale depositional environments is dominated by an oversimplistic set of three depositional models that do not capture their complexity and dynamics. These three models, the restricted circulation, the (open) ocean oxygen minimum and the continental shelf models, are an oversimplification of the variety of black shale depositional environments that arise and coexist throughout the course of a basin's Wilson Cycle, i.e. the dynamic sequence of events and stages that characterise the evolution of an ocean basin, from the opening continental rift to the closing orogeny. We examine the spatial distribution of black shales in the context of the Wilson Cycle using examples from the Phanerozoic. It is shown that the geographical distribution of environments of black shale deposition and the position of black shales in the basin infill sequence strongly depend on basin evolution, which controls the development of sedimentary environments where black shales may be deposited. The nature of the black shales that are deposited, i.e. lithology and type of organic matter, also depends on basin evolution and palaeogeography. We propose that in studies of black shales more attention should be given to the sedimentary processes that have led to their formation and to the interpretation of their sedimentary environments.

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Chapter 4 The Appalachian Foreland Basin in Eastern United States

Cited by 75 publications

References 246 publications

Characterization of Bedding-Parallel Fractures in Shale - Morphology, Size Distribution and Spatial Organization

Characterization of Bedding-Parallel Fractures in Shale - Morphology, Size Distribution and Spatial Organization

Inventory of Shale Formations in the US, Including Geologic, Geochemical, Hydrological, Mechanical, and Thermal Characteristics

Phanerozoic environments of black shale deposition and the Wilson Cycle

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