Chapter 5: Updating the natural history of HPV and anogenital cancer

Moscicki, Anna‐Barbara; Schiffman, Mark; Kjær, Susanne K.; Villa, Luisa L.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.06.018

Cited by 407 publications

(394 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The relatively low clearance rate of HPV16 was also reported in earlier studies (Ho et al, 1998;Molano et al, 2003;Richardson et al, 2003). This observation is consistent with other natural history studies of cervical HPV infection (Franco et al, 1999;Moscicki et al, 2006;Trottier et al, 2008). The clearance of hrHPV infections was slower than lrHPV infections which is in accordance with most other investigators (Giuliano et al, 2002;Molano et al, 2003;Richardson et al, 2003;Brown et al, 2005) who have also reported a longer duration of persistence of infection caused by oncogenic rather than non-oncogenic HPV types.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Type-Specific Incidence and Persistence of HPV Infection among Young Women: A Prospective Study in North India

Datta¹,

Bhatla²,

Pandey³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Infections with human papillomavirus (HPV) are highly prevalent among sexually active young women in India. However, not much is known about the incidence of type-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and their patterns of persistence, especially in the Indian context. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of acquisition and persistence of HPV types in young women. Methods: Women residing in an urban slum in Delhi (n=1300) were followed for 24 months at 6 monthly intervals. Exfoliated cervical cells collected at each visit were tested for the presence of HPV DNA. Genotyping was performed using the reverse line blot assay. Results: The incidence rate for any HPV type was calculated to be 5 per 1000 women-months. Among high risk HPV types, HPV16 had the highest incidence rate followed by HPV59, HPV52 and HPV18, i.e., 3.0, 0.58, 0.41 and 0.35 women per 1000 women-months respectively. The persistence rate was higher for high-risk than low-risk HPV types. Among low-risk types, HPV42, HPV62, HPV84 and HPV89 were found to persist. Whereas almost all high risk types showed persistence, the highest rate was found in women with HPV types 16, 45, 67, 31, 51 and 59. The persistence rate for HPV16 infection was 45 per 1000 women-months. Conclusion: Incident HPV infections and high risk HPV type-specific persistence were found to be high in our study population of young married women. Understanding the patterns of HPV infection may help plan appropriate strategies for prevention programs including vaccination and screening.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Type-Specific Incidence and Persistence of HPV Infection among Young Women: A Prospective Study in North India

Datta¹,

Bhatla²,

Pandey³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…These studies indicate the prevalence of current infection, as most HPV infections are transient and become DNA negative within 2 years (Moscicki et al, 2006). In individuals who mount a detectable humoral immune response, HPV type-specific serum antibodies are an indicator of past exposure.…”

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confidence: 91%

Prevalence of human papillomavirus antibodies in young female subjects in England

Jit

Vyse²,

Borrow³

et al. 2007

Br J Cancer

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Sera from 1483 female subjects in England aged 10 -29 years were tested. The age-standardised seroprevalence was 10.7% (95% confidence intervals 9.0 -12.3) for human papillomavirus (HPV) 6, 2.7% (1.8 -3.6) for HPV 11, 11.9% (10.2 -13.6) for HPV 16, 4.7% (3.5 -5.8) for HPV 18, Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) types identified as 'high-risk' is a pre-requisite for developing cervical cancer (Munoz et al, 2003). HPV types 16 and 18 are associated with 70% of cervical cancers worldwide (Munoz et al, 2003), while HPV types 6 and 11, although not 'high-risk', are associated with over 90% of cases of anogenital warts (von Krogh et al, 2001). Two prophylactic vaccines against HPV (a bivalent vaccine against types 16 and 18, and a quadrivalent vaccine that also includes types 6 and 11) have been shown in clinical trials to reduce persistent HPV infection and associated disease by over 90% in up to 5 years of follow-up (Harper et al, 2004;Villa et al, 2006).Epidemiological knowledge of HPV infection in the UK relies heavily on prevalence studies of HPV DNA in the cervical epithelium of women undergoing cervical sampling (Woodman et al, 2001;Kitchener et al, 2006) and usually relates to female subjects known to be sexually active. These studies indicate the prevalence of current infection, as most HPV infections are transient and become DNA negative within 2 years (Moscicki et al, 2006). In individuals who mount a detectable humoral immune response, HPV type-specific serum antibodies are an indicator of past exposure. Testing of blood samples also offers the opportunity to survey different populations.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) utilising viruslike particles have been used successfully for seroprevalence studies in several countries including the USA (Stone et al, 2002) and Sweden (af Geijersstam et al, 1999). We report on the first population-based study of HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 seroprevalence in England, in 10-to 29-year-old female subjects -the likely target age range for vaccination, but an age range in which little is known about infection rates. MATERIALS AND METHODSSerum specimens were obtained from the Health Protection Agency Sero-Epidemiology Unit collection, consisting of unlinked residual sera submitted to laboratories in England for routine microbiological or biochemical investigations. Sera from immunocompromised individuals and repeat sera from the same individuals were excluded (Osborne et al, 2000).Sera were selected from 1483 women aged 10 -29 years, chosen as most important for informing the design of HPV vaccination programmes in the UK. Sera came from 11 laboratories in England that collected samples in 2002 -2004. About 90 samples were selected for each single year of age in the range 10 -19 years, and about 60 samples for each of the ages 20 -29 years. Samples were tested for specific neutralising antibodies to HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 by Merck and Co Inc., using a multiplexed competitive Luminex s assay with antibody levels reported in milli-Merck units per millilitre (mMu ml À1 ...

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“…16 Acquisition of novel gene products or new antigens in cancer cells elicits a host immune response that results in selective pressure for tumor clones to evade immunosurveillance. The most common immune-escape mechanism in experimental or spontaneous tumors is the downregulation or lack of expression of classical HLA class I molecules (HLA-A and -B), which directly affects cytotoxic T cell function against tumor cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human leukocyte antigen G polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of invasive cancer of the uterine cervix

Ferguson

Ramanakumar

Koushik

et al. 2012

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G acts as negative regulator of the immune responses and its expression in tumor cells may enable them to escape immunosurveillance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of HLA-G polymorphism on risk of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-CIN) and cervical cancer in a Canadian population. The authors have analyzed 1,372 women from participants recruited between 2001 and 2009 in the ongoing Biomarkers of Cervical Cancer Risk case-control study. A total of 539 women with histologically confirmed HG-CIN and invasive cancer formed the case series, and 833 women with normal cytology served as controls. Cervical specimens were tested for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA using the MY09/11 PCR protocol and HLA-G alleles where determined using a direct DNA sequencing procedures. HLA-G polymorphisms were not associated with HG-CIN or HPV infection. However, the risk for invasive cancer was significantly increased with the homozygous genotypes HLA-G*01:01:02 [odds ratio (OR) 5 3.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43-8.61, p 5 0.006], 2G*01:06 (OR 5 19.1, 95% CI: 2.29-159, p 5 0.005) and 2G* 3 0 UTR 14-bp insertion (OR 5 2.17, 95% CI: 1.10-4.27, p 5 0.020), whereas, the heterozygotic form of the G*01:01:01 wild-type allele was significantly associated with a reduced risk of invasive cancer (OR 5 0.31, 95% CI: 0.16-0.59, p < 0.0001) after adjusting for age, HPV infection and ethnicity. These associations were also observed with progression of disease from HG-CIN to invasive cancer among HPV-positive women. These results suggest that HLA-G polymorphism is an independent risk factor for the development of invasive cervical cancer.

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Chapter 5: Updating the natural history of HPV and anogenital cancer

Cited by 407 publications

References 43 publications

Type-Specific Incidence and Persistence of HPV Infection among Young Women: A Prospective Study in North India

Type-Specific Incidence and Persistence of HPV Infection among Young Women: A Prospective Study in North India

Prevalence of human papillomavirus antibodies in young female subjects in England

Human leukocyte antigen G polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of invasive cancer of the uterine cervix

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