Chapter 7 Mitochondrial tRNAs; Stricture, Modified Nucleosides and Codon Reading Patterns

Dirheimer, G.; Martin, Robert P.

doi:10.1016/s0301-4770(08)61493-1

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…Interestingly, tRNA Cys from Y. lipolytica mitochondria, like tRNA Cys from Sz. pombe mitochondria (Dirheimer and Martin, 1990), can form a highly abnormal cloverleaf structure. A putative tRNA pseudogene, termed ψSer3 (see Figure 3), is found in the third COB intron, destroying the intronic ORF for a LAGLIDADG endonuclease.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The set of functional tRNAs in the Y. lipolytica mt genome is larger than the minimal set of 24 required for the translation of the mould mt genetic code, assuming that, as first proposed for N. crassa mitochondria, an unmodified U in the first anticodon position (‘wobble position’) can pair with all four bases, while G can pair with U or C and a modified U can pair with A or G (Heckman et al ., 1980; Dirheimer and Martin, 1990). Apart from the two methionine tRNAs, the first of which by virtue of its homology to S. cerevisiae tRNA f‐Met (Canaday et al ., 1980) seems to be specific for the initiation codon, there is only one additional pair (Leu2, Leu3) with identical anticodon sequences.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since tRNA Leu2 lacks several hydrogen bonds in the D‐, anticodon‐ and ψ‐stems, its functionality is uncertain. Unlike the corresponding tRNA(UAG) from S. cerevisiae , where an insertion mutation has produced an unusual eight nucleotide anticodon loop and changed the aminoacylation specificity from leucine to threonine (Dirheimer and Martin, 1990), both tRNA Leu2 and tRNA Leu3 from Y. lipolytica possess the normal seven nucleotide anticodon loops. This is consistent with their function as leucine acceptors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two notable exceptions are mitochondria from S. cerevisiae , where AUA is read as methionine and CUN is read as threonine, and from Sz. pombe , where, as in plant mitochondria, the universal genetic code is used (Dirheimer and Martin, 1990; Lang, 1993; Paquin et al ., 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The complete mitochondrial genome of Yarrowia lipolytica

et al. 2001

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We here report the complete nucleotide sequence of the 47.9 kb mitochondrial (mt) genome from the obligate aerobic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. It encodes, all on the same strand, seven subunits of NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ND1-6, ND4L), apocytochrome b (COB), three subunits of cytochrome oxidase (COX1, 2, 3), three subunits of ATP synthetase (ATP6, 8 and 9), small and large ribosomal RNAs and an incomplete set of tRNAs. The Y. lipolytica mt genome is very similar to the Hansenula wingei mt genome, as judged from blocks of conserved gene order and from sequence homology. The extra DNA in the Y. lipolytica mt genome consists of 17 group 1 introns and stretches of A+Trich sequence, interspersed with potentially transposable GC clusters. The usual mould mt genetic code is used. Interestingly, there is no tRNA able to read CGN (arginine) codons. CGN codons could not be found in exonic open reading frames, whereas they do occur in intronic open reading frames. However, several of the intronic open reading frames have accumulated mutations and must be regarded as pseudogenes. We propose that this may have been triggered by the presence of untranslatable CGN codons. This sequence is available under EMBL Accession No. AJ307410.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The complete mitochondrial genome of Yarrowia lipolytica

et al. 2001

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“…(B) Alignment of the human nuclear tRNA Lys and the obtained sequence of the marsupial tRNA Lys associated with mitochondria. The alignment was done according to Corpet (1988 Helm et al, 2000) as well as in nematode mitochondria (all tRNAs; Dirheimer and Martin, 1990). They can adopt a higher order tRNA structure that is functional in translation .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Import of a Lysyl-tRNA into Marsupial Mitochondria

Dörner

Altmann

Pääbo

et al. 2001

MBoC

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The mitochondrial tRNA gene for lysine was analyzed in 11 different marsupial mammals. Whereas its location is conserved when compared with other vertebrate mitochondrial genomes, its primary sequence and inferred secondary structure are highly unusual and variable. For example, eight species lack the expected anticodon. Because the corresponding transcripts are not altered by any RNA-editing mechanism, the lysyl-tRNA gene seems to represent a mitochondrial pseudogene. Purification of marsupial mitochondria and in vitro aminoacylation of isolated tRNAs with lysine, followed by analysis of aminoacylated tRNAs, show that a nuclear-encoded tRNALys is associated with marsupial mitochondria. We conclude that a functional tRNALys encoded in the nuclear genome is imported into mitochondria in marsupials. Thus, tRNA import is not restricted to plant, yeast, and protozoan mitochondria but also occurs also in mammals.

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The fungal mitochondrial genome project: evolution of fungal mitochondrial genomes and their gene expression

et al. 1997

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The goal of the fungal mitochondrial genome project (FMGP) is to sequence complete mitochondrial genomes for a representative sample of the major fungal lineages; to analyze the genome structure, gene content, and conserved sequence elements of these sequences; and to study the evolution of gene expression in fungal mitochondria. By using our new sequence data for evolutionary studies, we were able to construct phylogenetic trees that provide further solid evidence that animals and fungi share a common ancestor to the exclusion of chlorophytes and protists. With a database comprising multiple mitochondrial gene sequences, the level of support for our mitochondrial phylogenies is unprecedented, in comparison to trees inferred with nuclear ribosomal RNA sequences. We also found several new molecular features in the mitochondrial genomes of lower fungi, including: (1) tRNA editing, which is the same type as that found in the mitochondria of the amoeboid protozoan Acanthamoeba castellanii; (2) two novel types of putative mobile DNA elements, one encoding a site-specific endonuclease that confers mobility on the element, and the other constituting a class of highly compact, structured elements; and (3) a large number of introns, which provide insights into intron origins and evolution. Here, we present an overview of these results, and discuss examples of the diversity of structures found in the fungal mitochondrial genome.

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Chapter 7 Mitochondrial tRNAs; Stricture, Modified Nucleosides and Codon Reading Patterns

Cited by 11 publications

References 157 publications

The complete mitochondrial genome of Yarrowia lipolytica

The complete mitochondrial genome of Yarrowia lipolytica

Evidence for Import of a Lysyl-tRNA into Marsupial Mitochondria

The fungal mitochondrial genome project: evolution of fungal mitochondrial genomes and their gene expression

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