Characterisation of permanent deformation behaviour of unbound granular materials under repeated triaxial loading

Cerni, Gianluca; Cardone, Fabrizio; Camilli, Simone

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.07.066

Cited by 120 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The amount of permanent deformation significantly increases when anisotropic properties are used (Masad et al 2006) Modulus has a high sensitivity in change of matric suction that represents moisture susceptibility; high degree of moisture change causes decrease of the modulus (Witczak et al 2000;Butalia et al 2003;Wolfe and Butalia 2004;Gupta et al 2007;Cary and Zapata 2011) Shear strength directly affects total rutting; it decreases as shear strength increases (Brown 1996;Theyse et al 2007;Núñez et al 2004;Zhou et al 2010;Gabr andCameron, 2012 Chow et al 2014) Total rutting increases as permanent deformation of unbound base course increases (Cerni et al 2012) Rutting decreases with increase of the thickness of the base layer (Masad and Little 2004) Load-related Cracking (Alligator & Longitudinal)…”

Section: Criteria To Evaluate and Screen Unbound Layer And Subgrade Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Load-related cracking would easily occur with reduced modulus (Cerni et al 2012;Masad and Little 2004) Use of crossanisotropy of unbound base course results in less estimated fatigue cracking life (Adu Osei et al, 2001) A larger shear strength improves the integrality of supporting layers and also resistance to loadrelated cracking (AASHTO 2008) N/A The resistance to load-related cracking would be enlarged with thick unbound layers (Shahji 2006;Masad and Little 2004) Thermal Cracking Thermal cracking is accelerated by loss of modulus (Sahin et al 2013)…”

Section: Criteria To Evaluate and Screen Unbound Layer And Subgrade Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mechanistic-empirical models for better consideration of subgrade and unbound layers influence on pavement performance

Luo

Zhang

et al. 2017

Transportation Geotechnics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has been reported that the pavement performance predicted by the current mechanisticempirical pavement design shows low or no sensitivity to subgrade and unbound layers. This issue has raised wide attention. Targeting this problem, this paper summarizes the process used by the authors to find better models of the influence of subgrade and unbound base course layers on the performance of flexible and rigid pavements. A comprehensive literature review is first conducted and the findings are categorized. It is found that the resilient modulus, permanent deformation, shear strength, and erosion are key factors. In particular, the properties that provide greater sensitivity are 1) the moisture-dependency of the modulus, shear strength, and permanent deformation; 2) stress-dependency of the modulus and permanent deformation; and 3) crossanisotropy of the modulus. A number of unbound layer/subgrade models have been located and categorized. Three criteria are developed to identify the candidate models in terms of the degree of susceptibility, degree of accuracy, and ease of development. The first two criteria are used to evaluate the collected unbound layer/subgrade models, while associated development and implementation issues are planned as subsequent work. Two models that the authors previously developed are selected as examples to illustrate the improvement of the performance prediction, including the moisture-sensitive, stress-dependent, and cross-anisotropic modulus model for unbound layers and stress-dependent mechanistic-empirical permanent deformation model for unbound base layers. These two models are verified through laboratory tests and numerical simulations. Moreover, they are compared to their counterparts in the AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design. The advantages of accuracy and sensitivity to the operational conditions (e.g. moisture, traffic stress, and load-induced/particle-induced anisotropy) are obvious. In addition to these two models, the development of the shear strength model and erosion model are sketched.The candidate models need further development and implementation, which address issues such as hierarchical inputs, calibration/validation, and implementation. These are the on-going and planned work on this topic to better incorporate the influence of subgrade and unbound layers so as to contribute to the improvement of pavement designs.

show abstract

Section: Criteria To Evaluate and Screen Unbound Layer And Subgrade Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Criteria To Evaluate and Screen Unbound Layer And Subgrade Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic-empirical models for better consideration of subgrade and unbound layers influence on pavement performance

Luo

Zhang

et al. 2017

Transportation Geotechnics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Once known, we can determine whether the expected loads that a sub-ballast layer will experience during its life cycle will be under the limit. If so, failure would only be expected after many load cycles (19). All the samples were submitted to a consolidated drained (CD) cyclic triaxial test to measure behaviour under permanent strain, following the procedure in UNE-EN 13286-7 (20).…”

Section: Cyclic Triaxial Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the bearing capacity of unbound granular mixtures with rubber particles from scrap tyres when used as sub-ballast

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Scrap tyres are a problematic waste material. As a method for recycling large quantities of rubber from scrap tyres, this paper analyses the use of unbound granular mixtures with varying percentages of rubber particles as sub-ballast in railway lines. Bearing capacity for such mixtures is studied in laboratory and field tests using static and dynamic plate load tests, as well as cyclic triaxial tests. It is found that adding rubber increases permanent and resilient strain and that none of the mixtures suffer plastic creep after 2.5 million cycles. Considering the usual bearing capacity requirements, the optimum rubber content is 2.5% (by weight). This percentage increases resistance to degradation while ensuring sufficient bearing capacity. RESUMEN:Análisis de la capacidad de soporte de mezclas de material granular con partículas de caucho procedentes de neumáticos fuera de uso para su uso como subbalasto. Los neumáticos fuera de uso son un material de desecho problemático. Para poder reutilizarlos en grandes cantidades, el artículo se centra en el análisis de mezclas granulares sin ligante con un porcentaje variables de partículas de caucho, y su uso como capa de subbalasto ferroviario. La capacidad de soporte de dichas mezclas se estudia mediante ensayos de laboratorio y de campo (ensayos de placa de carga estática y dinámica, y ensayos triaxiales cíclicos). Se evalúa la influencia del contenido de caucho en cada caso. Se ha observado que, a mayor contenido en caucho, se incrementa la deformación permanente y resiliente, y que ninguna de las mezclas experimenta fluencia plástica tras 2,5 millones de ciclos de carga. Considerando los requisitos habituales de capacidad de soporte, el contenido óptimo de caucho es 2,5% en términos de peso. Este porcentaje incrementa la resistencia a la degradación al tiempo que asegura una capacidad de soporte suficiente.

show abstract

“…And recently Cerni et al, [10] investigated the shakedown behavior of granular mix and provided a new experimental function to correlate the plastic strain to number of cycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Shakedown Behavior in Pavement’s Granular Layer

Ghadimi¹,

Nega²,

Nikraz³

2015

IJET

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-While in the design of flexible pavement the significance of asphalt layers is understood, the role of granular layers supporting the asphalt layers should not be underestimated. The behavior of granular layers used in base, sub-base or subgrade layer of flexible pavement is complicated due to nonlinear elastoplastic response of materials subjected to dynamic load of traffic. Shakedown theory integrated with Mohr-Coulomb criterion is applied to simulate the response of granular layers to dynamic loading in a numerical analysis. The results of analysis is then compared to simple the results of modeling without considering shakedown effects and the conclusion is drawn.

show abstract

Characterisation of permanent deformation behaviour of unbound granular materials under repeated triaxial loading

Cited by 120 publications

References 15 publications

Mechanistic-empirical models for better consideration of subgrade and unbound layers influence on pavement performance

Mechanistic-empirical models for better consideration of subgrade and unbound layers influence on pavement performance

Analysis of the bearing capacity of unbound granular mixtures with rubber particles from scrap tyres when used as sub-ballast

Simulation of Shakedown Behavior in Pavement’s Granular Layer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About