Characterisation of the Scratch Deformation Mechanisms for Poly(methylmethacrylate) using Surface Optical Reflectivity

Briscoe, B.J.; Pelillo, E.; Sinha, Sujeet K.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0126(199708)43:4<359::aid-pi772>3.0.co;2-c

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The laser profilometer (Rodenstock, Germany) was capable of measuring to a depth resolution of 1 nm (z-axis) and 0.2 lm in the lateral directions [10]. A JSM-5300, SEM from Gresham Scientific Instruments, UK was used to retrieve images of the scratched surfaces.…”

Section: Scratch Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nano-indentation of scratched poly(methyl methacrylate) surfaces

et al. 2005

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The paper describes an experimental study of the nano-indentation hardness profiling of scratches, of various depths, produced upon the surface of a poly(methyl methacrylate). The method has limited spatial resolution and typically the indent size, and hence the volume of deformed material sensed, was in the worst cases one-tenth of the scratch width; in exceptional cases the resolution was ten times better than this figure. Additionally, the various topographical and morphological features are evaluated using laser profilometry and optical and scanning electron microscopy. The data described indicate that the scratching process introduces damage in subsurface regions, which may be tentatively ascribed to the formation of subsurface crazing or voidage in certain regions of the scratch damage area; in particular within the base of the scratch formation. Such structures could potentially develop in the substrate tensile fields developed at the rear of the indenter. In addition, there is evidence for densification of the polymer adjacent to the primary damage zone-on the ''shoulder'' areas adjacent to the main scratch path. An analysis of the periodic fluctuations of the nanohardness data, in certain zones, allows a speculative description of the topology of the subsurface damage in terms of the induced voidage and its distribution. Such features would naturally lead to a ''positive'' deformation volume; an analysis of an orthogonal topographical trace of a scratch allows a simulation of volume with respect to the unpurturbed surface-a ''positive'' comparison infers an additional volume and vice versa. In the current study, such ''positive'' volume deformation regions were not unequivocally identified with the proposed craze zones using the topographical estimation procedures employed.

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Section: Scratch Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The errors are uncertain but the data are probably generally reproducible at random locations to within better than ±50%. load [10]. Although the extent and nature of the strain relaxation upon unloading cannot be established in detail, it is clear that significant elastic recovery does occur during unloading.…”

Section: Nano-indentation-contact Compliancementioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-indentation of scratched poly(methyl methacrylate) surfaces

et al. 2005

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“…Many attempts have been made to quantify scratch visibility by measuring the surface reflectivity of the scratch. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Due to the diverse techniques employed and the lack of systematic studies to correlate scratch features with visibility, 11 the results obtained from one set of experiments are often valid within a set of narrowly defined conditions. It remains to be seen which of these methods, if any, will prove to be the most useful in characterizing scratch visibility.…”

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An integrated approach towards the study of scratch damage of polymer

Lim

Wong

Reddy

et al. 2005

J Coat. Technol. Res.

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To seek a better understanding of the scratch damage of polymers, an integrated analysis approach is proposed in this article. This integrated approach essentially involves (a) the use of a new scratch test device for testing, (b) employing microscopy techniques and image an analysis tool, VIEEW ® , for studying material damage and scratch visibility, and finally (c) performing finite element (FE) modeling to examine the mechanical response of the polymeric substrate involved during the scratch process. Applying this approach to five model material systems and employing linearly increasing load tests, the findings of the fundamental material science study of the scratch damage of these materials are presented. From the three-dimensional FE analysis, the numerical results generated were able to reasonably predict the scratch damage and provide corresponding mechanistic interpretation. The essential link between material science and mechanics outlines the uniqueness of this approach for studying the scratch damage of polymers.

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“…In particular, effects of temperature, strain, and strain rate, which are related to the material properties, the probe geometry, the loading rate, and the scratch speed, should be thoroughly investigated. To date, only Briscoe et al, [8][9][10][11][12] and more recently Sue and co-workers 16,17 and Gauthier et al, 24,25 have studied the effects of different test variables on the scratch behavior of polyers. Also, very little modeling has been performed to understand how changes in testing conditions affect the local stress and strain fields.…”

Section: (A) (B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Recent efforts have been aimed at measuring quantitative material properties and understanding the relationships between surface properties and performance characteristics. In most of these studies, single-probe testing devices, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] including instrumented indentation and scratch systems [4][5][6][17][18][19] and atomic force microscopes, 3,[20][21][22] have been used to simulate single asperity contact, as opposed to multi-asperity contact associated with the field simulation tests. Single-probe scratch testing can be useful for characterizing the time-and strain-dependent behavior of a polymeric material under a number of contact conditions.…”

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Measurement approaches to develop a fundamental understanding of scratch and mar resistance

VanLandingham

Sung

Chang

et al. 2004

J Coat. Technol. Res.

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Instrumented indentation and confocal microscopy were used to characterize the surface mechanical response of polymeric materials. Viscoelastic behavior was measured using instrumented indentation. A model based on the contact between a rigid probe and a viscoelastic material was used to calculate values for the creep compliance and stress relaxation modulus for two polymeric materials, epoxy and poly(methyl methacrylate) or PMMA. Scratch testing was performed on these materials with various probes under a variety of conditions, and confocal microscopy was used to characterize the resulting deformation. Relationships among viscoelastic behavior, scratch damage, and appearance are currently being explored using these methods along with finite element modeling.

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Characterisation of the Scratch Deformation Mechanisms for Poly(methylmethacrylate) using Surface Optical Reflectivity

Cited by 37 publications

References 1 publication

Nano-indentation of scratched poly(methyl methacrylate) surfaces

Nano-indentation of scratched poly(methyl methacrylate) surfaces

An integrated approach towards the study of scratch damage of polymer

Measurement approaches to develop a fundamental understanding of scratch and mar resistance

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