Characteristic of Conductivity of Commercial Sake and during Brewing.

Nakagawa, Hideyuki; Kato, Tadahito; Nabeshima, Hiroaki; Nakashima, Minoru; Kubo, Naoya

doi:10.3136/nskkk.43.983

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Conductivity measurements are extensively used in many industries. Similar SmartChips can also be used to optimize the processes in other applications such as control of water purity in cooling towers, heat exchangers, and boilers; brewing processes; monitoring and control of demineralization; batch neutralization; water treatment; leak detection; ion chromatography; oceanography; pharmaceutical processes; water purity; chemical processes; and treatment of liquids such as milk, juice, wine and beer . In this paper, we develop a planar, ionic conductivity sensor on the SmartChip package to measure the alkali strength within the digester and a temperature sensor to permit calculations of the chemical reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Flow Following Ionic Conductivity and Temperature Sensor Package

Mohammadi

Graham

Madden

et al. 2012

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have developed a combined ionic conductivity and temperature sensor package for multiphase chemical reactors, key elements of SmartChip, a flow following, data logging sensor. The initial application of the sensor is to monitor the process inside the hot and caustic chemical environment of a kraft pulp digester (pH ∼ 13, temperatures from 25 to 175 °C, reaching a maximum of 180 °C and pressures up to 2 MPa). The sensor package consists of a 1000 Ω platinum resistance temperature detector (RTD) enclosed in a stainless steel container and a four-electrode conductivity sensor consisting of stainless steel electrodes and installed on a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) package. The sensor package is designed ultimately to move within the kraft pulp digester and record sensor data. The sensors were tested at temperatures of up to 140 °C in NaOH concentrations of 10–100 g/L as Na2O with and without the presence of wood chips. Changes in concentration were clearly discernible as changes in conductivity. The presence of chips reduced conductivity as expected, and this reduction depended on the degree of cooking. Although further calibration work is needed to quantitatively determine concentration inside a digester, process variations should be readily detectable. The average power consumption of the sensors is 5 mW, which is sufficiently low to enable autonomous operation of the sensor under battery power. The sensor packages were tested for a full kraft pulping cycle and survived with no signs of corrosion. The demonstration of conductivity measurements represents an important step toward the successful implementation of flow following measurements in the kraft pulping processes to aid process optimization and design.

show abstract