Characteristics and Spatial–Temporal Differences of Urban “Production, Living and Ecological” Environmental Quality in China

Abstract

The article analyses the spatial and temporal differences in the environmental quality of production, living and ecology of 285 cities in China from 2010 to 2020 by using the entropy method, the Theil index and correlation analysis. The study concludes the following: (1) in terms of overall differences, the overall differences in the “production, living and ecological” environmental quality indices of 285 cities during the study period undergo a process of “narrowing–widening–narrowing”. The differences within the four major zones of the country are higher than those between the four major zones, and the differences within the zones show an increasing trend year by year. (2) In terms of temporal differences, the combined scores of “production, living and ecological” environmental quality of the 285 cities in the study period show a decreasing trend, and the contribution of the PLE subsystem scores are, in descending order, production environmental quality > living environmental quality > ecological environmental quality. (3) In terms of overall ranking, the head effect of the combined production, living and ecological environmental quality (PLE) scores of cities in the study period is significant, and the top 10 cities in terms of combined scores are all small and medium-sized cities with significant regionalization characteristics. (4) In terms of spatial pattern, there is a significant spatial gradient in the east, central and western regions, with the overall PLE scores of the four major regions in descending order: eastern region > central region > western region > northeastern region. The regions with high scores in the “production, living and ecological” environmental quality of cities can be divided into three types: multi-core, dual-core and single-core. (5) In terms of influencing factors, there is a logarithmic curve relationship between the combined production, living and ecological environmental quality (PLE) score and the built-up area (BUA) of cities. The study proposes to optimize the layout of urban production, strengthen the industrial links of urban clusters, improve the level of public services, ensure the equalization of urban public services, strengthen the management of ecological environment and improve the quality of ecological environment in order to optimize the quality of urban “production, living and ecological” environment.

Spatial-temporal analysis of urban-rural differences in the development of elderly care institutions in China

“…The four regions are divided according to the outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in 2006. “The Eleventh Five-Year Plan proposes to adhere to the overall regional development strategy of promoting the development of the western region, revitalizing old industrial bases such as the northeastern region, promoting the rise of the central region and encouraging the eastern region to take the lead in development, improve the mechanism of regional coordination and interaction, and form a reasonable regional development pattern” ( 48 ), which we have also discussed ( 49 – 52 ). China's eastern region includes 13 provinces, municipalities directly under the Central Government and special administrative regions, including Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao; the central region includes six provinces, including Shanxi, Henan, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangxi and Hunan; the western region includes Chongqing, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Tibet, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia and other 12 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, and the northeast region includes three provinces, including Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Jilin ( Figure 1 ).…”

The spatio‐temporal interactive effects between ecological urbanization and industrial ecologization in the Yangtze River Delta region

“…For example, Chen et al (2020) constructed evaluation indicators of ecological urbanization from three aspects: ecological environment, ecological society, and ecological economy. Zhang, Gu, et al (2022) constructed a synchronous development system that reflects the quality of urban ecological environment in production, living, and ecology. On the other hand, evaluation indicators are constructed from the perspective of the structure, function, and coordination of urban ecosystems.…”

Research on the Experience of Influencing Elements and the Strategy Model of Children’s Outpatient Medical Services under the Guidance of Design Thinking

“…In addition, the Shanghai municipal government has also increased funding and support for pediatric medical services to promote the improvement and upgrading of pediatric medical services [9]. For example, in 2019, the Shanghai municipal government invested CNY 163 million in the establishment, renovation, and expansion of children's medical institutions [77][78][79]. The relevant policies issued by the Shanghai Municipal Government in recent years have provided positive support and guarantees for improving the medical service level of the pediatric outpatient department of the hospital [12,[80][81][82].…”