Characterization and aerosolization performance of mannitol particles produced using supercritical assisted atomization

Characterization and Aerosolization Performance of HydroxyPropyl-Beta-Cyclodextrin Particles Produced Using Supercritical Assisted Atomization

“…As mentioned above, increasing the ethanol content of the HP-β-CD solution in SAA decreased the size of the HP-β-CD particles, which can be attributed to the enhanced atomization caused by the aqueous ethanol solution containing dissolved CO 2 with low surface tension and low viscosity. Similar results have been reported for several materials [ 15 , 24 , 25 ]. The size of the HP-β-CD particles produced using pure ethanol as a solvent was not determined because of the uneven dispersion of the sample from the serious aggregation of irregular HP-β-CD particles ( Figure 1 e).…”

“…Figure 4 a indicates that the mean sizes of the HP-β-CD particles increased with the concentration of the HP-β-CD solution, which illustrates that the high viscosity of the HP-β-CD solution at high concentrations may result in large liquid droplets and increase the mean HP-β-CD particle size ( d 4,3 ) in SAA. Similar results have been reported, mostly for relevant SAA processes [ 14 , 15 , 20 , 24 , 25 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

“…Figure 4a indicates that the mean sizes of the HP-β-CD particles increased with the concentration of the HP-β-CD solution, which illustrates that the high viscosity of the HP-β-CD solution at high concentrations may result in large liquid droplets and increase the mean HP-β-CD particle size (d 4,3 ) in SAA. Similar results have been reported, mostly for relevant SAA processes [14,15,20,24,25,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. The mean particle size (d4,3) of the micronized HP-β-CD particles produced at different flow ratios (R) in the range of 1.4−2.8 (runs #2, and #16−18 in Table 1) are shown in Figure 4b.…”

Formation of Polyethylene Glycol Particles Using a Low-Temperature Supercritical Assisted Atomization Process

“…The PSD (Figure 5a) and mean size of the PEG particles (Figure 5b) increased with the concentration of the PEG solution, thus indicating that the high viscosity of the high concentration PEG solution resulted in larger liquid droplets and increased PEG particle sizes. Similar results have been reported, mostly for relevant SAA processes [13,14,15,16,17,18,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32].…”

“…Similar decreased crystallinity has been observed, mainly in SAA-related polymer particles, e.g., PMMA, PLLA, chitosan, and IMC-CH composite [3,12,15,31]. However, the presence of crystalline particles produced by the SAA process was still observed in some materials, e.g., mannitol and PEG, and was attributed to the crystallization rate being higher than the evaporation rate [13,32]. This hypothesis was demonstrated by the PEG particles prepared at different precipitator temperatures (Figure 10b–d).…”