Characterization and classification of numerical data patterns using Annotated Paraconsistent Logic and the effect of contradiction

Abstract

This work describes the development of a computational mathematical model that uses Annotated Paraconsistent Logic - APL and a concept derived from it, the effect of contradiction, to identify patterns in numerical data for pattern classification purposes. The APL admits paraconsistent and paracomplete logical principles, which allow the manipulation of inconsistent and contradictory data, and its use allowed the identification and quantization of the attribute related to the contradiction. To validate the model, series of Raman spectroscopies obtained after exposure of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, collected from cutaneous tissue cell samples previously examined for the detection of cancerous lesions, identified as basal carcinoma, melanoma and normal, were used. Initially, the attributes related to contradiction, derivative and median obtained from spectroscopies were identified and quantified. A machine learning process with approximately 31.6% of each type of samples detects a sequence of spectroscopies capable of characterizing and classifying the type of lesion through the chosen attributes. Approximately 68.4% of the samples are used for classification tests. The proposed model identified a segment of spectroscopies where the classification of test samples had a hit rate of 76.92%. As a differential and innovation of this work, the use of APL principles in a complete process of training, learning and classification of patterns for numerical data sets stands out, with flexibility to choose the attributes used for the characterization of patterns, and a quantity of samples of about one third of the total required for characterization.

Estrutura Microprocessada com Ação de Controle de Razão Baseada em Lógica Paraconsistente Anotada

“…A Logica Paraconsistente (LP) tem por objetivo oferecer novas formas de tratar condições contraditórias, inconsistências, ambiguidades. A LP é fundamentada em conceitos que se opõem as leis estritamente binárias da lógica clássica e permite que informações contraditórias possam receber um tratamento mais adequado (Filho, Lambert-Torres, & Abe, 2010) e (Mario, Garcia, Filho, Júnior, & Barbuy, 2021).…”