Characterization and Deployment of Surface-Engineered Cobalt Ferrite Nanospheres as Photocatalyst for Highly Efficient Remediation of Alizarin Red S Dye from Aqueous Solution

Abstract

Hazardous effluents in the wastewaters deteriorate the ecosystem and its effective treatment is of interest to the scientific community. In this context, herein, the cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ) nanospheres were fabricated and inspected for photocatalytic-driven degradation of a hazardous Alizarin Red S (ARS) dye, as a model pollutant. For effective preparation of CoFe 2 O 4 nanospheres, triethylene glycol (PEG) was used as a stabilizing agent, during the reaction of cobalt oxide and iron sulfate, followed by thermally annealed and etched with 1 M hydrochloric acid. The surface of annealed nanospheres was functionalized by using 3-(triethoxysilyl)propylamine (APTES). The as-prepared pristine, annealed, and surface functionalized CoFe 2 O 4 nanospheres were characterized by analytical techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From the XRD profile, the particle size of annealed and functionalized nanospheres were 17.3 and 21 nm, respectively. FTIR study corroborates the surface tailoring of CoFe 2 O 4 nanospheres. The SEM analysis of F-CoFe 2 O 4 nanospheres showed that the bigger aggregates of nanospheres disappear, and the overall distribution of particles was notably improved after functionalization. The surface engineered nanospheres presented high efficiency for ARS dye degradation under the optimal conditions of irradiation time, pH, adsorbent dose, dye dose, and different acids. Kinetics models explained that the degradation reaction following pseudo-first-order kinetics. The turnover number (TON) reached up to 2.75 × 10 8 , 2.85 × 10 8 and 3.01 × 10 8 for bare, annealed and functionalized CoFe 2 O 2 nanoparticles, respectively. In conclusion, the results indicate a high potential of photo-driven catalytic remediation of tested hazardous dye by engineered cobalt ferrite nanospheres and encourage further work on photocatalytic abatement of organic contaminants.

Synthesis of clay‐armored coatable sulfonated polyimide nanocomposites as robust polyelectrolyte membranes

“…The peaks that appeared at 1119-1015 cm À1 are assigned to the symmetric/asymmetric stretching vibration of the SO 3 H group. 32 The appearance of a band at 3520 cm À1 is an aspect to the hydroxyl group and the characteristic band appeared at 2600 cm À1 corresponds to the C─H bond, 33 The absorption band at 1473 cm À1 represents the aromatic ring in the plane and the C─N stretching vibration peak appeared at 1420 cm À1 and NH 2 symmetric deformation band appeared at 1518 cm À1 . 26 The result of FTIR analysis shows the successful sulfonation of ODA to ODADS.…”

Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties of Surfactants Modified ZnO Particles Synthesized Directly via Sonochemistry Technique

“…changes the particle size of ZnO. The addition of cationic surfactant could interact with the Zn(OH) 4 2 À unit and adsorb ZnO on the surface, which results in restricting the growth of ZnO. Anionic surfactants can use positive-charged ions (such as sodium ions) as the medium to form surfactant-inorganic interface combination.…”

“…The dumping of wastewater containing non‐degradable organic compounds, suspended solids, and an immense amount of dyes, is resistant to environmental degradation causing a series of problems such as threatening the health of human beings, genetic mutation, damage the ecological environment [1–3] . Approximately, over 10,000 types of dyes are used in industry, which poured 10–15 % into wastewater with no prior treatment [4–5] . This is an apparent environmental problem not only in developing countries but also in developed countries.…”

“…[1][2][3] Approximately, over 10,000 types of dyes are used in industry, which poured 10-15 % into wastewater with no prior treatment. [4][5] This is an apparent environmental problem not only in developing countries but also in developed countries. Therefore, it is greatly significant for making wastewater into harmless water to discharge.…”

l-Methionine-Zr complex supported on magnetic ZnFe2O4 as a novel, green, and efficient heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 1H-tetrazole and polyhydroquinoline derivatives

“…[13][14][15] Recently, the use of magnetic nanoparticles as a catalytic support in the preparation of nanocatalysts via green methods has been considered by scientific researchers. 9,16,17 Magnetic materials such as zinc ferrite, due to their unique and non-toxic magnetic properties, 18 good biological compatibility, 19 and adjustable magnetic properties, 20 have been used in various fields including cancer therapy, 21 drug delivery, 22 and targeting. 23 Magnetic nanoparticles have properties such as a high active surface area, recyclability, chemical and thermal stability, and have been introduced to separate different types of heterogeneous catalysts.…”