Characterization and digestogram modeling of modified elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) starch using ultrasonic pretreated autoclaving

Abstract

Native elephant foot yam starch (EFYS) is highly digestible, and it is not recommendable for consumption by diabetic and obese people. To address this problem, the current study focuses on the amendments in various properties (such as functional properties, whiteness index, amylose content, morphology, and digestion) of EFYS using ultrasonication (US) and US pretreated autoclave (AL) modification with varied time viz. 15, 30, and 45 min. Both the treatments enhanced the water absorption, swelling power, and solubility of EFYS. US‐assisted AL treatment was responsible for increasing the resistant starch (RS) fraction and the highest increment was observed in US‐AL45 EFYS (39.13 ± 1.19 %) as compared to the native counterpart (30.65 ± 1.06 %). Molecular aggregations were observed in all US‐AL EFYS, whereas US treatment broke the agglomerations and increased the intergranular spaces. FTIR analysis revealed the highest increase in ordered to amorphous starch (1047/1022 cm−1) in US‐AL45 EFYS followed by native and others modified EFYS. The highest increase in amylose content was notable in US‐AL45 (10.02 ± 0.08 %) as compared to other native and others treated EFYS. To understand the kinetic behavior of the native and modified EFYS, first‐order kinetics, Michaelis–Menten, Paolucci Jeanjean, Logistic, and Weibull models were applied. The digestogram models highlighted the highest digestibility in native EFYS, preceded by US, US‐AL 15, US‐AL 30, and US‐AL 45 EFYS. US‐AL 45 EFYS showed the highest change in all the functional properties as compared to native and other modified EFYS. Practical applications Owing to the prevalent lifestyle diseases, a continuous evolution in nutritional behaviors has emerged. Although starch imparts consistency and quality to the commercial food products, its high digestibility results in harmful effects to diabetic and obese patients. Elephant foot yam is considered as a unique source of starch and its modification leads to a decrease in enzyme hydrolysis while making it health beneficial. Ultrasonic pretreated autoclaving is one such potential physical modification treatment which can facilitate toward decrease in enzyme digestibility of elephant foot yam starch (EFYS), yet enhancing its swelling properties that in turn leads to the growth of functional food processing industry. The findings of the study highlight the enzyme digestogram modeling of US and US‐AL modified EFYS in order to shed light on the mechanism that regulates them.

Homogeneities in in vitro starch digestion of compositionally heterogenous white wheat breads

“…This is a four‐parameter model that incorporates a shape factor, β, to the three parameters described above for the other models. Possibly at the borders of mono‐ and bi‐phasic digestograms, the model and its variants have been used (Nguyen & Sopade, 2018; Ramírez et al ., 2019; Barua et al ., 2021b; Mahajan et al ., 2022) to describe monophasic digestograms:…”

“…Consequently, compositions of WWBs vary, and it is unknown how compositional heterogeneities affect their in vitro starch digestion. GIs of different bread types have been reported (Foster-Powell et al, 2002;Brand-Miller, et al, 2009), and specifically, different WWBs have been listed (GIRn-GINews, 2022) with GIs (relative to glucose) below and above 100. However, in vitro starch digestion studies that reference WWBs, individually or combined with human studies (Ferng et al, 2016;de la Rosa-Millán et al, 2020;Geng et al, 2021) generally have limited or no information on the breads used.…”

“…The procedures, conditions, and equations apply to monoand multi-phasic starch digestograms for respective homogeneous and heterogeneous digestion patterns. It is noteworthy that starch digestion researchers (Aleixandre et al, 2021;Barua et al, 2021aBarua et al, , 2021bMahajan et al, 2022;Sopade, 2022) are pioneering examining some in vitro starch digestion models for the most appropriate ones for starch digestograms on mechanistic and predictability grounds. The robustness and universality of the procedures, conditions, and equations will be further enhanced with more studies to make this the universal much-needed golden step for modelling starch digestograms.…”

Effects of microwave, ultrasound, and various treatments on the reduction of antinutritional factors in elephant foot yam: A review

“…It's a type of high‐frequency vibration that results in microscale fluid mixing and shear forces (Cui & Zhu, 2020). Ultrasonic cavitation has found favor in a range of applications, including chemical reaction amplification, oil emulsification, chemical and biological pollutant elimination, microbe inactivation, and so on (Barua et al, 2021; Ojediran et al, 2020).…”

“…According to available statistics, tubers are mostly consumed for their calorie content, as they include carbohydrates, fat, fiber, and protein, despite being the least nutritious of all protein sources. Because of the presence of an antinutrition ingredient (oxalate), which renders the minerals in the tubers unavailable to consumers, it is difficult to determine if they can be depended upon as good sources of minerals (Barua et al, 2021).…”