Characterization and expression of two matrix metalloproteinase genes during sea urchin development

Ingersoll, Eric P.; Pendharkar, Ninad

doi:10.1016/j.modgep.2005.04.008

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…SpMMP14 is expressed in all cells from eggs until the mesenchyme blastula stage embryo, then its expression becomes predominant in the cells derived from the animal pole in late gastrulas. SpMMP 16 has a low expression in unfertilized eggs, becoming predominant in the cells derived from the vegetal pole at the blastula stage and finally is found in the pigment cells later in development [Ingersoll and Pendharkar, 2005]. In agreement with results derived from sea urchins, MMPs have been also shown to be differentially expressed during Xenopus laevis development [Yang et al, 1997;Harrison et al, 2004].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Nuclear cysteine‐protease involved in male chromatin remodeling after fertilization is ubiquitously distributed during sea urchin development

Gourdet¹,

Iribarren²,

Morín³

et al. 2007

J of Cellular Biochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previously we have identified a cysteine-protease involved in male chromatin remodeling which segregates into the nuclei of the two blastomeres at the first cleavage division. Here we have investigated the fate of this protease during early embryogenesis by immunodetecting this protein with antibodies elicited against its N-terminal sequence. As shown in this report, the major 60 kDa active form of this protease was found to be present in the extracts of chromosomal proteins obtained from all developmental stages analyzed. In morula and gastrula the 70 kDa inactive precursor, which corresponds to the major form of the zymogen found in unfertilized eggs, was detected. In plutei larvas, the major 60 kDa form of this enzyme was found together with a higher molecular weight precursor (90 kDa) which is consistent with the less abundant zymogen primarily detected in unfertilized eggs. As reported here, either the active protease or its zymogens were visualized in most of the embryonic territories indicating that this enzyme lacks a specific pattern of spatial-temporal developmental segregation. Taken together our results indicate that this protease persists in the embryo and is ubiquitously distributed up to larval stages of development, either as an active enzyme and/or as an inactive precursor. These results suggest that this enzyme may display yet unknown functions during embryonic development that complement its role in male chromatin remodeling after fertilization.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Nuclear cysteine‐protease involved in male chromatin remodeling after fertilization is ubiquitously distributed during sea urchin development

Gourdet¹,

Iribarren²,

Morín³

et al. 2007

J of Cellular Biochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the blastulae of S. purpuratus, spatiotemporally regulated expression of SpMMP16 occurs at the vegetal pole region where PMC delamination takes place. 109 Because the substrates of MMP16 include laminin, 110 the enzyme is involved in local remodeling of the basal lamina. Figure 5.…”

Section: Basal Lamina Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in sea urchin embryos

Katow

2015

Tissue Barriers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…We propose that this subnetwork of EMT genes (including snail), which functions downstream of the micromere-PMC specification program, attenuates cell-cell adhesion (Fink and McClay, 1985;Hertzler and McClay, 1999), and upregulates molecules associated with cell motility changes, such as Rho GTPases (Liu and Jessell, 1998) and metalloproteinases (MMPs) (Yokoyama et al, 2003;Miyoshi et al, 2004;Jorda et al, 2005;Ingersoll and Pendharkar, 2005). Eventually, this complex subnetwork orchestrates an EMT event by summing up the spectrum of molecular and cellular changes, and then triggers PMC ingression.…”

Section: A Subnetwork Of Emt Genes Controls Pmc Ingressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Snail repressor is required for PMC ingression in the sea urchin embryo

McClay

2007

Development

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In metazoans, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial process for placing the mesoderm beneath the ectoderm. Primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) at the vegetal pole of the sea urchin embryo ingress into the floor of the blastocoele from the blastula epithelium and later become the skeletogenic mesenchyme. This ingression movement is a classic EMT during which the PMCs penetrate the basal lamina, lose adherens junctions and migrate into the blastocoele. Later, secondary mesenchyme cells (SMCs) also enter the blastocoele via an EMT, but they accompany the invagination of the archenteron initially, in much the same way vertebrate mesenchyme enters the embryo along with endoderm. Here we identify a sea urchin ortholog of the Snail transcription factor, and focus on its roles regulating EMT during PMC ingression. Functional knockdown analyses of Snail in whole embryos and chimeras demonstrate that Snail is required in micromeres for PMC ingression. Snail represses the transcription of cadherin, a repression that appears evolutionarily conserved throughout the animal kingdom. Furthermore, Snail expression is required for endocytosis of cadherin, a cellular activity that accompanies PMC ingression. Perturbation studies position Snail in the sea urchin micromere-PMC gene regulatory network (GRN), downstream of Pmar1 and Alx1, and upstream of several PMCexpressed proteins. Taken together, our findings indicate that Snail plays an essential role in PMCs to control the EMT process, in part through its repression of cadherin expression during PMC ingression, and in part through its role in the endocytosis that helps convert an epithelial cell to a mesenchyme cell.

show abstract

Characterization and expression of two matrix metalloproteinase genes during sea urchin development

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Nuclear cysteine‐protease involved in male chromatin remodeling after fertilization is ubiquitously distributed during sea urchin development

Nuclear cysteine‐protease involved in male chromatin remodeling after fertilization is ubiquitously distributed during sea urchin development

Mechanisms of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in sea urchin embryos

The Snail repressor is required for PMC ingression in the sea urchin embryo

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About