Characterization and Fine Structure of Exosomes

Alshubaily, Fawzia A.; Al-Zahrani, Maryam H.

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-6599-1_2

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 324 publications

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“…Differences in EV size and/or surface compounds affect the capturing by the objective or acceptor cells. For instance, micropinocytosis is technically consistent with the capture of isolated exosomes and small EVs, but not large EVs or small EV aggregates [ 33 , 34 ]. Moreover, EVs can be internalized and targeted to the lysosome for degradation or recycled and re-released into the extracellular fluids.…”

Section: Extracellular Vesicles As Alternative Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MVs are released from the cell membrane via direct budding, while exosomes are formed from multivesicular endosomes or multivesicular bodies [32]. Sorting of bioactive molecules such as RNA, miRNA, lipids, and metabolites is carried out through different ways of charging and loading into the EVs, as reviewed in [33]. Differences in EV size and/or surface compounds affect the capturing by the objective or acceptor cells.…”

Section: Extracellular Vesicles As Alternative Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Stem Cells and Their Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Restoring Female and Male Fertility

Qamar

Hussain

Rafique

et al. 2021

Cells

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Infertility is a globally recognized issue caused by different reproductive disorders. To date, various therapeutic approaches to restore fertility have been attempted including etiology-specific medication, hormonal therapies, surgical excisions, and assisted reproductive technologies. Although these approaches produce results, however, fertility restoration is not achieved in all cases. Advances in using stem cell (SC) therapy hold a great promise for treating infertile patients due to their abilities to self-renew, differentiate, and produce different paracrine factors to regenerate the damaged or injured cells and replenish the affected germ cells. Furthermore, SCs secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing biologically active molecules including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. EVs are involved in various physiological and pathological processes and show promising non-cellular therapeutic uses to combat infertility. Several studies have indicated that SCs and/or their derived EVs transplantation plays a crucial role in the regeneration of different segments of the reproductive system, oocyte production, and initiation of sperm production. However, available evidence triggers the need to testify the efficacy of SC transplantation or EVs injection in resolving the infertility issues of the human population. In this review, we highlight the recent literature covering the issues of infertility in females and males, with a special focus on the possible treatments by stem cells or their derived EVs.

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Section: Extracellular Vesicles As Alternative Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extracellular Vesicles As Alternative Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Stem Cells and Their Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Restoring Female and Male Fertility

Qamar

Hussain

Rafique

et al. 2021

Cells

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Protein cargo in extracellular vesicles as the key mediator in the progression of cancer

Hánělová,

Raudenská,

Masařík

et al. 2024

Cell Commun Signal

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Exosomes are small vesicles of endosomal origin that are released by almost all cell types, even those that are pathologically altered. Exosomes widely participate in cell-to-cell communication via transferring cargo, including nucleic acids, proteins, and other metabolites, into recipient cells. Tumour-derived exosomes (TDEs) participate in many important molecular pathways and affect various hallmarks of cancer, including fibroblasts activation, modification of the tumour microenvironment (TME), modulation of immune responses, angiogenesis promotion, setting the pre-metastatic niche, enhancing metastatic potential, and affecting therapy sensitivity and resistance. The unique exosome biogenesis, composition, nontoxicity, and ability to target specific tumour cells bring up their use as promising drug carriers and cancer biomarkers. In this review, we focus on the role of exosomes, with an emphasis on their protein cargo, in the key mechanisms promoting cancer progression. We also briefly summarise the mechanism of exosome biogenesis, its structure, protein composition, and potential as a signalling hub in both normal and pathological conditions.

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Characterization and Fine Structure of Exosomes

Cited by 2 publications

References 324 publications

The Role of Stem Cells and Their Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Restoring Female and Male Fertility

The Role of Stem Cells and Their Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Restoring Female and Male Fertility

Protein cargo in extracellular vesicles as the key mediator in the progression of cancer

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