Characterization and In Vitro evaluation of a novel coated nanocomposite porous 3D scaffold for bone repair

Abstract

The aim of this study is to tissue engineer a 3D scaffold that can be used for load bearing segmental bone defects (SBDs) repair. Three different scaffolds were fabricated using cockle shell-derived CaCO 3 aragonite nanoparticles (CCAN), gelatin, dextran and dextrin with coated framework via Freeze-Drying Method (FDM) labeled as 5211, 5211 GTA+Alginate , 5211 PLA. Scaffolds were assessed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The cytocompatibility of the organized scaffolds was assessed using cells multiplication and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration via In Vitro cell culture using human Fetal OsteoBlast cells line (hFOB). The results showed a substantial difference in ALP concentrations between the cultures of different scaffolds leachable medium during the study period. The biological evaluation also showed that three scaffolds did enhanced the osteoblast proliferation rate and improved the osteoblast function as demonstrated by the significant increase in ALP concentration. Engineering analyses showed that scaffolds possessed 3D interconnected homogenous porous structure with a porosity ranging 6%-49%, pore sizes ranging 8-345 µm, mechanical strength ranging 20-65 MPa, young's modulus ranging 166-296 MPa and enzymatic degradation rate between 16%-38% within 2-10 weeks. The in vitro evaluation revealed that the scaffold 5211, 5211 GTA+Alginate and 5211 PLA fulfill all the main requirements to be considered as an ideal bone replacement.

Efficacy of Nano Composite Porous 3D Scaffold of Crab Shell and Al-Kharit Histological and Radiological for Bone Repair in Vivo

“…Other studies confirmed that the implant pores with a minimum diameter of 50 μm are required for bone ingrowth (27), this result came in line with the results of the present study, while other studies have shown better bone formation when pore size was 300-400 μm (28). The larger pores are favorable to vascularization, high oxygenation and subsequent bone formation (29,8). One important finding from the histopathological examination is regarding the quality of the regenerated tissues.…”

“…The CaCO3 of crab shell skeleton can change to (HA), Ca10(P04)6(OH)2, which is the main mineral of bone This articles an open access under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). used to designing a suitable replacement biomaterial and considered as an ideal bone replacement (7,8). Formerly the HA had been used as a suitable replacement biomaterial in form of a scaffold for bone grafts in different surgical specialties due to its porous structures (6,9).…”

The role of adding Hyaluronic Acid in the grafting process for the repair of experimentally induced tibial defect in dogs model

“…Our study indicated that the deproteinized lamb bone graft fulfilled almost all achievement properties for bone repairing. This finding agreed with Ibrahim et al (22) who used innovative scaffolds mixture from dextran, nanoparticles, gelatin, hydroxyapatite for bone reconstruction and restoration. However, in our study, bone graft played an essential role as a scaffold in bone tissue restoring near the standard furniture of defective bone and served as a bridge to improve the healing and achieve a perfect clinical outcome (23).…”

Recycling of Chicken Egg Shells into Nanopowder: Synthesis, and its Properties

“…The chicken eggshells nano powder was liquefied in ninety nine percentage ethanol and sonicated for thirty mins. (1-3) droplets of suspension was loaded on top of the carbonenclosed copper grid and positioned on a filter paper to dehydrate at lab temperature previously observing by TEM 23,24 .…”