Characterization and optimization of a rapid, automated 3D-printed cone spray ionization-mass spectrometry (3D-PCSI-MS) methodology

Brown, Hilary M.; McDaniel, Trevor J.; West, Christopher P.; Bondzie, Ebenezer H.; Aldeman, Matthew R.; Molnar, Brian; Mulligan, Christopher C.; Fedick, Patrick W.

doi:10.1016/j.ijms.2021.116781

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…61 Specifically, the proposed analytical detection of anionic species through EC and/or charge exchange reactions with oxygen consisting of 64 All assignments were based on characteristic MS patterns for a loss of CF 2 (50 Da) and C 2 F 4 (100 Da) and characteristic MS n parent ion fragmentation reported in separate studies. 58,59 Individual XICs for PFOA and selected pyrolytic species in panels d and e of Figure 1 describe the extent of analyte mobilization and thermal decomposition of PFOA. Initial breakdown of PFOA (black trace) occurs at ∼300 °C, and then the DART-MS signal degrades rapidly as the substrate temperature increases to 600 °C.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two PFAS, perfluorooctane-sulfonamide and tridecafluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid, were purchased from Apollo Scientific (Stockport, Cheshire, U.K.). Additional information about the chemical structures is available in Table S1 and previous reports. , Legacy AFFF liquid concentrate type 3 (3%) was previously purchased from 3M Inc. (St. Paul, MN). No sample pretreatment was performed, and all samples were directly analyzed by TD-pyro-DART-MS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional information about the chemical structures is available in Table S1 and previous reports. 58,59 Legacy AFFF liquid concentrate type 3 (3%) was previously purchased from 3M Inc. (St. Paul, MN). No sample pretreatment was performed, and all samples were directly analyzed by TD-pyro-DART-MS.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Characterization of the Thermal Degradation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Aqueous Film-Forming Foams via Temperature-Programmed Thermal Desorption–Pyrolysis–Direct Analysis in Real Time–Mass Spectrometry

West

Brown

Fedick

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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The release of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), containing per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), from Department of Defense activities has received attention over the years due to the environmental persistence and bioaccumulation of PFAS. As a result, the National Defense Act established that the removal of PFAS-containing waste is critical. Thermal destruction methods are commonly used techniques, yet the fate of degraded PFAS remains poorly understood. In this study, we employ thermal desorption−pyrolysis−direct analysis in real time−mass spectrometry (TD-pyro-DART-MS) to characterize products of pyrolysis and determine the extent of degradation from 25 to 600 °C. PFAS ranging from 4−14 carbon atoms were monitored in situ, followed by legacy AFFF. Headgroup scission was observed, followed by carbon−carbon bond cleavages in the structures resulting in [C x F y ] − fragments differing by -CF 2 (50 Da) and -C 2 F 4 (100 Da). High-molecular weight PFAS resulted in more detectable pyrolytic fragments than low-molecular weight counterparts. AFFF concentrate thermal degradation analysis was more complex and was determined to require higher-resolution mass spectrometers for molecular assignment. This study demonstrates the development of a robust analytical methodology for in situ characterization of the products of thermal degradation of PFAS related to thermal remediation or when PFAS are used to extinguish fuel fires.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Characterization of the Thermal Degradation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Aqueous Film-Forming Foams via Temperature-Programmed Thermal Desorption–Pyrolysis–Direct Analysis in Real Time–Mass Spectrometry

West

Brown

Fedick

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Section: Instrumentation Of Portable Mass Spectrometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brown et al. [45] introduced a 3D printed PCSI source combined with a MT Explorer 50 portable mass spectrometer for the rapid, on‐site detection of substantial solid compounds and trace analytes in solid matrices (Figure 1B). The 3D printed cone structure is rigid enough to scoop bulk samples while maintaining the sharp tip that is necessary for efficient ionization.…”

Section: Instrumentation Of Portable Mass Spectrometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Portable mass spectrometry system: instrumentation, applications, and path to ‘omics analysis

et al. 2022

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Mass spectrometry (MS) is an information rich analytical technique and plays a key role in various 'omics studies. Standard mass spectrometers are bulky and operate at high vacuum, which hinder their adoption by the broader community and utility in field applications. Developing portable mass spectrometers can significantly expand the application scope and user groups of MS analysis. This review discusses the basics and recent advancements in the development of key components of portable mass spectrometers including ionization source, mass analyzer, detector, and vacuum system. Further, major areas where portable mass spectrometers are applied are also discussed. Finally, a perspective on the further development of portable mass spectrometers including the potential benefits for 'omics analysis is provided.

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Applications of ambient ionization mass spectrometry in 2022: An annual review

Rankin‐Turner

Sears

Heaney

2023

Analytical Science Advances

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The development of ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) has transformed analytical science, providing the means of performing rapid analysis of samples in their native state, both in and out of the laboratory. The capacity to eliminate sample preparation and pre‐MS separation techniques, leading to true real‐time analysis, has led to AIMS naturally gaining a broad interest across the scientific community. Since the introduction of the first AIMS techniques in the mid‐2000s, the field has exploded with dozens of novel ion sources, an array of intriguing applications, and an evident growing interest across diverse areas of study. As the field continues to surge forward each year, ambient ionization techniques are increasingly becoming commonplace in laboratories around the world. This annual review provides an overview of AIMS techniques and applications throughout 2022, with a specific focus on some of the major fields of research, including forensic science, disease diagnostics, pharmaceuticals and food sciences. New techniques and methods are introduced, demonstrating the unwavering drive of the analytical community to further advance this exciting field and push the boundaries of what analytical chemistry can achieve.

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Characterization and optimization of a rapid, automated 3D-printed cone spray ionization-mass spectrometry (3D-PCSI-MS) methodology

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

Molecular Characterization of the Thermal Degradation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Aqueous Film-Forming Foams via Temperature-Programmed Thermal Desorption–Pyrolysis–Direct Analysis in Real Time–Mass Spectrometry

Molecular Characterization of the Thermal Degradation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Aqueous Film-Forming Foams via Temperature-Programmed Thermal Desorption–Pyrolysis–Direct Analysis in Real Time–Mass Spectrometry

Portable mass spectrometry system: instrumentation, applications, and path to ‘omics analysis

Applications of ambient ionization mass spectrometry in 2022: An annual review

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