“…Related studies have reported that postbiotics produced by L. plantarum have antimicrobial activity against foodborne and spoilage bacteria consisting of Listeria monocytogenes , Salmonella enterica , Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli , and Bacillus cereus [ 32 , 38 ]. Their PM exhibit anti-biofilm activity against pathogens related to oral biofilm, including P. gingivalis , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans , S. mutans , Streptococcus sobrinus , and Candida albicans [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Some researchers reported that L. plantarum 299v decreased the levels of biofilms in the glass tube and saliva-coated hydroxyapatite produced by S. mutans [ 45 , 46 ].…”