Characterization and reduction of membrane fouling during nanofiltration of semiconductor indium phosphide (InP) wastewater

Organic fouling of nanofiltration membranes: Evaluating the effects of humic acid, calcium, alum coagulant and their combinations on the specific cake resistance

“…Compared to larger pore membranes such as UF and microfiltration (MF), NF membranes suffer little or no pore blocking [2,3] and hence the resistance due to pore blocking which contributes to the total cake resistance is minimal. Some researchers investigated the rejection abilities of NF towards trace organic and inorganic contaminants [4][5][6]. These advantages have accelerated the use of NF technologies in drinking water treatment and wastewater effluents reclamation as an alternative for RO and UF.…”

Assessing the Performance of Thin-Film Nanofiltration Membranes with Embedded Montmorillonites

“…These processes are often combined, depending on the type of wastewater [5][6][7]. Among these, NF is widely used for its applicability to various industries, such as water purification and desalination [8,9], food and beverages [7,10,11], semiconductor [12,13], petroleum [14,15], pharmaceutical and biotechnology [16,17] and the textiles industry [18,19].…”

Verification of NOM removal in MIEX-NF system for advanced water treatment

“…Other problems caused by the NOM are fouling of membranes as well as taste and odor of drinking water and bacterial re-growth in the distribution system [4,5]. Nanofiltration has been studied and utilized as an advanced water treatment process with respect to the removal of NOM and micropollutants [6][7][8][9]. Negatively-charged micropollutants, including disinfection by-products, endocrine disrupting compounds (including natural hormones), and pharmaceutical compounds, can be effectively removed by NF membranes.…”