Characterization and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air (Tehran, Iran)

Halek, F.; Kianpour-rad, M.; Kavousi, A.

doi:10.1007/s10311-008-0188-4

Cited by 38 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Khillare et al (2008) reported that B(b)F, in addition to B(ghi)P and Pyr, are indicators of diesel-driven vehicles which seem to correlate with the present observation that the bus stand, Venna lake and Panchgani having the highest vehicular activity have exceedingly higher concentration of these PAHs in comparison to the sites having low vehicular activity. Halek et al (2010) reported that diesel-driven vehicles are rich in acenaphthylene, acenaphthene and fluoranthrene which seems to be consistent with the present study as concentration of low molecular weight compounds are higher at all the sites in comparison to the control site.…”

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Lichenssupporting

confidence: 92%

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Impact assessment of anthropogenic activities on air quality, using lichen Remototrachyna awasthii as biomonitor

Bajpai

Shukla

Upreti

2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The study was carried out with an aim to assess the heavy metal (HM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air of a biodiversity as well as touristrich area of Western Ghats by applying a most frequent growing lichen Remototrachyna awasthii (Hale and Patw.) Divakar and A. Crespo, as biomonitor. Thalli of R. awasthii were collected from eight sites of Mahabaleshwar area located in Western Ghats. Samples were prepared for HM and PAHs quantification by ICP-MS and HPLC, respectively. Total metal concentration (HM) ranged from 644 to 2,277.5 lg g -1 while PAHs concentration between 0.193 and 54.78 lg g -1 . HM and PAHs concentrations were the highest at Bus Stand while control site (Lingmala Fall) exhibited the lowest concentration of HM as well as PAHs followed by samples from Wilson point (both these sites are having trekking route). It was also evident from this study that vehicular emission played a significant role in the release of HM and PAHs as pollutants in the environment. The effectiveness of R. awasthii as biomonitor could be further investigated by comparing this species with other biomonitors.

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Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Lichenssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Chr) could be used to estimate the vehicular contribution to the air pollution which ranged between 0.5 (for diesel engine) and 0.75 (for gasoline engine) (Halek et al 2010). In the present study, the mean ratios of BaP/(BaP ?…”

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Lichensmentioning

confidence: 72%

Impact assessment of anthropogenic activities on air quality, using lichen Remototrachyna awasthii as biomonitor

Bajpai

Shukla

Upreti

2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Similar to Halek et al (2010), the presence of higher concentration of low molecular weight compounds, especially fluoranthene and acenaphthylene, indicates contribution of diesel vehicles to total PAHs load in the area, as the study area receives millions of tourists every month, which results in increased vehicular activity up to 800% during holy voyage (Joshi and Swami 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Lichens to distinguish urban from industrial PAHs

et al. 2011

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This paper shows that lichens can be used as biomonitors to distinguish urban from industrial polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are atmospheric pollutants originating mainly from incomplete combustion of fuels in vehicles and industry. The occurrence of PAHs in air is a serious health issue in urban areas and industrial areas because some PAHs are carcinogenic. Biomonitoring PAHs with lichens is generally applied for quantification of PAHs. However, the precise sources of PAHs are not well known. Here we use lichen to trace the source of PAHs. PAHs were analyzed in Pyxine subcinerea Stirton, a lichen species collected from twelve sites which vary from urban and industrial to periurban forest area of Haridwar, in the foothills of the Indian Himalayas. Total PAH concentration ranged between 1.25 and 187.3 lg g -1 . Results indicate a clear distinction between urban and industrial PAHs profile, using principal component analysis. Lichen sampled from industrial sites exhibited higher concentrations of two-, five-, and six-ringed PAHs, up to 60% of total PAHs, while samples from urban sites were dominated by fourringed PAHs, predominantly fluoranthene and acenaphthylene. Molecular ratios indicate that combustion was the dominant source of origin of PAHs in industrial area, while urban sites showed mixed origin of PAHs, both pyro-and petrogenic.

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“…It has been documented that PAH are often adhered to PM2.5 and PM10 in urban atmosphere (Stracquadanio et al 2007), and associated either with vehicle emissions in urban areas (Johnsen and Karlson 2007;Halek et al 2009) or coal (Liu et al 2009), tar or petroleum combustion (Johnsen and Karlson 2007). The concentration of PAH in ambient air very often reflects these pollution sources and the sink of PAH is very often the soil, sediment or surface waters; also, high concentration of PAH was found in the blackish deposits of roadsides (Jensen et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban and rural limestone weathering; the contribution of dust to black crust formation

Török

Licha

Simon³

et al. 2010

Environ Earth Sci

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A novel approach of studying dust, black crust and host limestones by using various techniques is presented in this paper. Samples were collected from limestone monuments located in rural, urban and industrial areas in Germany and Hungary. The paper focuses on differences in the mineralogical composition, major and trace element distribution of materials and their total polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) concentration having different exposure to air pollutants. High concentration of gypsum was found in laminar and dendritic black crusts and even in the dust of both urban and rural areas, despite the low concentration of SO 2 in rural atmospheric environments. The black crusts show a typical microfabric with distinct layers of various gypsum-calcite mineral associations, silt-sized mineral fragments and black particle content. In dust, newly formed gypsum crystals were found along with mineral fragments, and siliceous and, less frequently, carbonaceous fly ash particles. High concentration of lead was found both in the samples of urban and rural areas of Germany and Hungary. Lead mostly accumulates in dust and also in the black crust. Highest lead concentrations were found not on the surface of the black crust, but close to the crust/limestone boundary according to LA-ICPMS analyses. It indicates that despite the ban of leaded petrol, lead is still present in the dust and the in the soiled zones of the built environment. Similarly to lead, no significant difference in the total PAH content of dust and crust samples were found in the two countries. Dusts are equally enriched in PAH in both countries, whereas black crusts contain fewer amounts. Most of the aqueous extracts of the samples were saturated with respect to sulphate, which also indicate the presence of gypsum, whilst in some German samples unsaturated conditions were detected. In summary, by using a combination of these analytical techniques, it was possible to distinguish rural and urban samples and to outline the role of dust in bringing pollutants to the stone surface. It is suggested that the analysed dust and stone samples indicate not only present, but also the past, pollution fluxes and as a consequence stones similar to sediments or surface waters can be used as environment indicators.

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Characterization and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air (Tehran, Iran)

Cited by 38 publications

References 29 publications

Impact assessment of anthropogenic activities on air quality, using lichen Remototrachyna awasthii as biomonitor

Impact assessment of anthropogenic activities on air quality, using lichen Remototrachyna awasthii as biomonitor

Lichens to distinguish urban from industrial PAHs

Urban and rural limestone weathering; the contribution of dust to black crust formation

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