Characterization, concentrations and emission rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the exhaust emissions from in-service vehicles in Damascus

Alkurdi, Farouk; Karabet, François; Dimashki, Marwan

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.08.003

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Trends in PAH levels in fuel and engine exhaust have been previously reported. Diesel fuel and exhaust contain higher PAH concentrations than gasoline fuel or exhaust (Mi et al 2001;Alkurdi et al 2013). Beyond the effects of the fuel, prior work has also suggested that PAH content in exhaust may be affected by engine load (Huang et al 2013), cold starts (Zielinska et al 2004;Sodeman et al 2005), and engine oil age (Zielinska et al 2004;Fujita et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…P-MIP analysis depends first on identifying target molecular ions for PAH species within the mass spectra. To isolate the contributions of specific PAH-related ions in the observed signal, a list of target molecular ions was developed from three sets of sources: (1) PAH-related molecular ions that have been identified in previous AMS measurement studies (Alfarra 2004;Aiken et al 2007;D zepina et al 2007); (2) PAHs that have been prominently linked to diesel emissions (Frenich et al 2010;Pandey et al 2011;Alkurdi et al 2013;Huang et al 2013) or to particularly strong health impacts (US EPA 1992; International Agency for Research 2013); and (3) PAHs that are consistent with ions that are prominent in one or more mass spectra from the LRRI case study experiments. Table 1 lists the 53 target PAHs identified by this process, which include molecular ions from 15 UnSubPAHs, 12 MPAHs, 15 OPAHs, 7 NPAHs, and 4 APAHs.…”

Section: P-mip Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

New Methodology for Quantifying Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Using High-Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

Herring

Faiola

Massoli

et al. 2015

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: P-mip Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Methodology for Quantifying Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Using High-Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

Herring

Faiola

Massoli

et al. 2015

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…Dynamometer engines or chassis dynamometers can afford compositional insight into exhaust emissions with varying engine conditions, providing a high degree of control and reproducibility (Tadano et al, 2014;Louis et al, 2016). Several studies have used dynamometers to investigate compositional changes in unregulated exhaust gas emissions with the use of different transient driving cycles, for petrol engines (Pang et al, 2014;Baldauf et al, 2005), diesel (Yamada et al, 2011;Cross et al, 2015;Schauer et al, 1999;Zhao et al, 2015;Ballesteros et al, 2014;Nelson et al, 2008;Siegl et al, 1999;Westerholm et al, 1991), or both (Alves et al, 2015;Chirico et al, 2014;Alkurdi et al, 2013;Caplain et al, 2006;Schmitz et al, 2000;Louis et al, 2016). Driving cycles (often performed with chassis dynamometers) are designed to simulate real-world driving conditions, allowing the exhaust emissions from individual vehicles to be investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical note: Use of an atmospheric simulation chamber to investigate the effect of different engine conditions on unregulated VOC-IVOC diesel exhaust emissions

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Diesel exhaust emissions were introduced into an atmospheric simulation chamber and measured using thermal desorption (TD) comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionisation detector (GC × GC-FID). An extensive set of measurements were performed to investigate the effect of different engine conditions (i.e. load, speed, "driving scenarios") and emission control devices (with or without diesel oxidative catalyst, DOC) on the composition and abundance of unregulated exhaust gas emissions from a light-duty diesel engine, fuelled with ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD). A range of exhaust dilution ratios were investigated (range = 1 : 60 to 1 : 1158), simulating the chemical and physical transformations of the exhaust gas from near to downwind of an emission source. In total, 16 individual and 8 groups of compounds (aliphatics and singlering aromatics) were measured in the exhaust gas ranging from volatile to intermediate volatility (VOC-IVOC), providing both detailed chemical speciation and groupings of compounds based on their structure and functionality. Measured VOC-IVOC emission rates displayed excellent reproducibility from replicate experiments using similar exhaust dilution ratios. However, at the extremes of the investigated exhaust dilution ratios (comparison of 1 : 60 and 1 : 1158), measured VOC-IVOC emission rates displayed some disagreement owing to poor reproducibility and highlighted the importance of replicate sample measurements. The investigated DOC was found to remove 43 ± 10 % (arithmetic mean ± experimental uncertainty) of the total speciated VOC-IVOC ( SpVOC-IVOC) emissions. The compound class-dependant removal efficiencies for the investigated DOC were 39 ± 12 % and 83 ± 3 % for the aliphatics and single-ring aromatics, respectively. The DOC aliphatic removal efficiency generally decreased with increasing carbon chain length. The SpVOC-IVOC emission rates varied significantly with different engine conditions, ranging from 70 to 9268 mg kg −1 (milligrams of mass emitted per kilogram of fuel burnt). SpVOC-IVOC emission rates generally decreased with increasing engine load and temperature, and to a lesser degree, engine speed. The exhaust gas composition changed considerably as a result of two influencing factors: engine combustion and DOC hydrocarbon (HC) removal efficiency. Increased engine combustion efficiency resulted in a greater percentage contribution of the C 7 to C 12 n-alkanes to the SpVOC-IVOC emission rate. Conversely, increased DOC HC removal efficiency resulted in a greater percentage contribution of the C 7 to C 12 branched aliphatics to the SpVOC-IVOC emission rate. At low engine temperatures (< 150 • C, below the working temperature of the DOC), the contribution of n-alkanes in the exhaust gas increased with increasing combustion efficiency and may be important in urban environments, as n-alkanes are more efficient at producing secondary organic aerosol (SOA) thanPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 1...

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“…A elevada demanda de combustíveis fósseis, como consequência do aumento da população, da crescente taxa de urbanização e do tráfego de veículos, durante as últimas décadas 28 têm causado grandes emissões de HPAs na atmosfera 29 , gerando grandes impactos à saúde humana, como cânceres e mutações genéticas 1 .…”

Section: Hpas Em Fontes Automotivasunclassified

Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos Atmosféricos De Fontes Automotivas: Uma Breve Revisão

Azevedo

Araújo

Marinho

2013

HOLOS

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RESUMOA ocorrência de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) no ambiente tem se tornado preocupante, por eles serem abundantes e possíveis carcinógenos humanos. HPAs e seus derivados são produzidos pela combustão incompleta da matéria orgânica, sendo a queima de combustíveis fósseis uma das principais fontes desses poluentes no meio ambiente. As concentrações de HPAs aumentam significativamente em ambientes urbanos e são influenciadas principalmente pelas emissões veiculares. Os HPAs em fase gasosa são encontrados a baixos níveis no ar atmosférico, apresentando-se comumente associado às partículas finas em suspensão. Esta revisão descreve os HPAs, provenientes de emissões veiculares, quanto as suas características de amostragem e análise, identificação, legislação e saúde ambiental. Oportunamente, alguns países propõem limites de concentração não obrigatórios para os HPAs, porém muitos estudos relacionados à exposição a estes compostos mostram que estes poluentes devem ser prioritários quando se considera a qualidade do ar e o risco à saúde humana. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:HPAs, fontes móveis, material particulado, amostragem, legislação e saúde.

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Characterization, concentrations and emission rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the exhaust emissions from in-service vehicles in Damascus

Cited by 31 publications

References 38 publications

New Methodology for Quantifying Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Using High-Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

New Methodology for Quantifying Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Using High-Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

Technical note: Use of an atmospheric simulation chamber to investigate the effect of different engine conditions on unregulated VOC-IVOC diesel exhaust emissions

Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos Atmosféricos De Fontes Automotivas: Uma Breve Revisão

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