Characterization of a new circulating recombinant form comprising HIV-1 subtypes C and B in southern Brazil

Negredo, Eugènia; Moltó, José; Puig, Jordi; Cinquegrana, Denise; Bonjoch, Anna; Pérez-Álvarez, Núria; López-Blázquez, Raquel; Blanco, Alberto; Clotet, Bonaventura; Rey-Joly, Celestino

doi:10.1097/01.aids.0000247573.95880.db

Cited by 137 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Ezetimibe as an inhibitor of intestinal cholesterol absorption has been shown to reduce LDL-C, TC and TG and also increase HDL-C in HIV patients on HAART [99][100][101]. It is highly tolerable and is devoid of significant drug interactions with HAART [102,103], hence combination therapy with ezetimibe appears to be superior to pravastatin monotherapy in HAART patients with dyslipidemia [104].…”

Section: Anti-dyslipidemic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy-Associated Metabolic Syndrome and Lipodystrophy: Pathophysiology and Current Therapeutic Interventions

et al. 2017

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The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has extremely enhanced the clinical outcome of HIV disease with a decrease in mortality and morbidity. However, the inclusion of protease inhibitors (PIs) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (tNRTIs) has strongly been linked to the development of metabolic abnormalities and lipodystrophy. Lipodystrophy is defined by the loss of peripheral subcutaneous fat and central adiposity, mainly in the abdomen, breast and dorsocervical region. These disorders are reported to be cosmetically distressing and socially stigmatizing to many patients leading to decreased adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Metabolic syndrome precedes lipodystrophy leading to increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. With a shifted trajectory of HIV/AIDS morbidity from immunodeficiency and opportunistic infections to metabolic complications, clinical management of these patients has therefore become more complex. Currently there are no evidence-based standard guidelines for the management of HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Several pharmacological interventions such as using anti-diabetic, anti-dyslipidemic drugs or hormone replacement therapy have been tried to effectively improve metabolic syndrome and lipodystrophy but have been hampered by low efficacy, drug interactions, or unwanted side-effects. Non-pharmacological interventions including surgical manipulations, dietary and lifestyle modifications have also been tried with limited success. This review focuses on the proposed mechanisms involved in the development of metabolic syndrome and lipodystrophy, and highlights suggested potential therapeutic interventions to prevent lipodystrophy associated with HAART.

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Section: Anti-dyslipidemic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy-Associated Metabolic Syndrome and Lipodystrophy: Pathophysiology and Current Therapeutic Interventions

et al. 2017

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“…Statins are not the only lipid-lowering drug available; the combination of a statin and a fibrate should be considered (albeit with close monitoring due to the exaggerated side effect profile) when the triglyceride level is above 5mmol/l and may be the best approach to achieve lipid targets in these patients. Ezetimibe is a newer agent that acts by reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption and has been shown to be better tolerated but equally efficacious compared to statins in HIV-infected patients with hypercholesterolaemia (Negredo et al, 2006). Ezetimibe may be used when statins are not tolerated or as an adjunct to other anti-lipid agents in severe lipid disturbance.…”

Section: Assessment and Management Of Patients With Increased Cardiovmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial Dysfunction in HIV

Subbarao¹,

Lowe²,

Aghamohammadzadeh

et al. 2011

HIV Infection in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment and Some of Its Associated Complications

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“…It doesn't affect the absorption of fat-soluble nutrients and is an attractive option for HIVinfected patients because it lacks CYP P450 metabolism and therefore is not expected to interact with antiretroviral drugs (Kosoglou et al, 2005;Negredo et al, 2006]. The major metabolic pathway for Ezetimibe is the glucuronidation of 4-hydroxyphenyl group by uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase isoenzymes to form ezetimibe-glucuronide in the intestine and liver (Kosoglou et al, 2005).…”

Section: Ezetimibementioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Alterations of HIV Infection

Silva¹

2011

HIV Infection in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment and Some of Its Associated Complications

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Characterization of a new circulating recombinant form comprising HIV-1 subtypes C and B in southern Brazil

Abstract: As CRF_BC represents 11% of the HIV-1 viruses circulating in the southern region of the country, which borders several south American countries, the assessment of its spread is of pivotal importance to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Brazil and Latin America.

Cited by 137 publications

References 51 publications

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy-Associated Metabolic Syndrome and Lipodystrophy: Pathophysiology and Current Therapeutic Interventions

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy-Associated Metabolic Syndrome and Lipodystrophy: Pathophysiology and Current Therapeutic Interventions

Endothelial Dysfunction in HIV

Metabolic Alterations of HIV Infection

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