“…Protoplast-mediated transformation (Buxton et al 1985 ), modifi ed from a protocol originally developed for yeast, is the most widely used method. It provides good transformation effi ciency of up to 1,000 transformants per μg DNA for integrative vectors (Buxton et al 1985 ) to 10,000 transformants per μg DNA for episomal vectors (Verdoes et al 1994b ). Recently, this method has been adapted for high-throughput platform with transformation and regeneration conducted in microtiterplate (Gielesen and van den Berg 2013 ).…”