Characterization of Bioactive Compounds and Novel Proteins Derived from Promising Source Citrullus colocynthis along with In-Vitro and In-Vivo Activities

Abstract

Herbal products are preferable to synthetic medicines, and the use of traditional medicines is increasing day-by-day. The current study was designed to evaluate the potentials of bioactive compounds from Citrullus colocynthis by performing FTIR, HPLC, and GC-MS analyses, which explore the good concentration of the secondary metabolites, such as gallic acid (74.854 ppm), vanillic acid (122.616 ppm), and ferulic acid (101.045 ppm) with considerable bioactivities. Antimicrobial protein was estimated by performing SDS-PAGE, ranging from 15 to 70 kDa in all protein fractions. The current study also checked the cytotoxicity of the bioactive compounds in the active fraction of C. colocynthis, and to perform this activity, the groups of rats were arranged with 16 rats randomly divided into four groups (three experimental and one control) by administering various dosage of methanolic fractions in dose-dependent manner. Histopathology was conducted on the livers of the rats after 15 days of sacrifice under deep anesthesia. In liver cell slides examined at the maximum dose of 600 mg/kg, minimal morphological changes, such as slight ballooning, nuclear variation, vacuolar degeneration, and hydropic degeneration, were observed. Furthermore, the in silico analysis identified bioactive compounds as potential drug candidates.

Municipal Sewage Sludge as a Source for Obtaining Efficient Biosorbents: Analysis of Pyrolysis Products and Adsorption Tests

“…The test was carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the rate at which heat was applied to the sample was analogous to the heating rate during the pyrolysis process, that is, 10 °C·min −1 . The picture of the spectrum clearly shows that the gases that evolved in the largest amounts were carbon oxides: CO 2 (2400–2250 cm −1 ) and CO (2200–2000 cm −1 ) [ 45 ], methane (1306 and 1354 cm −1 ) [ 43 ], and smaller amounts of volatile organic and inorganic substances such as: alcohols (3584–3700 cm −1 and 1420–1330 cm −1 ) [ 46 ], amines (3500 cm −1 ) [ 47 ], volatile sulphur compounds (1415–1380 cm −1 ) [ 48 ] and alcohols and phenols (980–950 cm −1 ) [ 43 ].…”

Biosynthesis and Characterization of Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles from Citrullus colocynthis Fruit Extracts; Their Biocompatibility and Bioactivities

“…Nanoparticles are being widely studied for their bioactivities, but their ability to form coagulants and extremely reactive nature make them unsuitable for use in living organisms. C. colocynthis fruits are traditionally used for antidiabetic activity; modern research has also validated their use in antidiabetic activity due to the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, and cucurbitacins in their extracts [ 47 , 48 ]. Calcium oxide nanoparticles have a great capacity for catalysis and drug delivery [ 49 , 50 ].…”

“…It might be due to the formation of chemical conjugates between nanoparticles and bioactive phytochemicals in CCFE. There are a large number of phenolics and flavonoids including syringic acid, quercetin, vanilic acid, sinapic acid, and feralic acid in CCFE [ 48 ], which have ability to cap and stabilize the nanoparticles, making them less toxic [ 62 ].…”

Therapeutic effects of Salvadora persica extracts against Sarcoptes scabiei var. Hominis and their Secondary Infections

“…After the plant materials were settled, the supernatant solution containing plant compounds was collected and ltered. The crude methanolic extract was produced by rotational evaporation of the isolated and puri ed supernatant [32] .…”