Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Patchouli Extracted via Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SC-CO2) Extraction

Abstract

Patchouli extracts and oils extracted from Pogostemon cablin are essential raw material for the perfume and cosmetics industries, in addition to being used as a natural additive for food flavoring. Steam distillation is a standard method used for plant extraction. However, this method causes thermal degradation of some essential components of the oil. In this study, patchouli was extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) under different conditions of pressure (10–30 MPa) and temperature (40–80 °C). The chemical components of the crude extracted oil and the functional group were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide was shown to provide a higher yield (12.41%) at a pressure of 20 MPa and a temperature of 80 °C. Patchouli alcohol, Azulene, δ-Guaiene, and Seychellene are the main bioactive compounds that GC-MS results have identified. FTIR spectra showed alcohol, aldehyde, and aromatic ring bond stretching peaks. Extraction of patchouli with supercritical carbon dioxide provided a higher yield and a better quality of the crude patchouli oil.

Removal of Ferrous using Citric Acid in Patchouli Oil Purification by Complexometry

“…Table 3 -Physicochemical characteristics of patchouli oil before and after purification by using citric acid as a chelating agent A chelating agent forms a complex salt that binds to the iron occurred in the oil. The chelating agent in forming the complex salt lumps is supported by calcium oxide which also neutralizes the acidity in the oil [21]. The decrease in Fe content significantly from 328.04±3.98 ppm to 9.3±4.12 cause a significant change in the colour of the oil.…”

“…Most local community farmers in developing countries use metal iron distillers [ [4], [5]]. Patchouli oil turns dark in colour due to the influence of Fe2O3 which is a sensitizer to double bonds and the compounds contained in the oil [6]. Due to the influence of base and temperature, the resinification reaction in essential oils is accelerated [7].…”

Prospective Evaluation of a Topical Botanical Skin Care Regimen on Mild to Moderate Facial and Truncal Acne and Mood

“…Additionally, an ingredient commonly found in all of the products is patchouli extract from the Pogostemon cablin plant [ 32 ]. Aside from its pleasant smell, patchouli has many therapeutic potentials.…”

Supercritical CO2 as a Valuable Tool for Aroma Technology

“…Under optimized conditions (80 °C and 200 bar), about 12% higher yields were achieved by SFE compared to traditional extraction techniques. The primary aromatic compounds extracted were patchouli alcohol (∼34–54%), δ-guaiene (∼13-21%), and seychellene (∼6–9%) …”

“…Temperature alone, in turn, showed no significant effect. However, the interaction between pressure and 45 The ideal conditions for extracting essential oil from orange peel (Citrus sinensis) with SC-CO 2 were 300 bar and 40 °C, with a yield of 3.13 g/100 g (w/w) and a limonene content of about 52%. There was no statistically significant effect of increasing the processing time (set at 90 min) or the temperature (tested in the range of 35 to 64 °C).…”