Characterization of bioactive molecules isolated from sea cucumber Athyonidium chilensis

Abstract

4Agri-Food Laboratories-Concepción, SGS Chile Ltda. Américo Vespucio 820, Parque Industrial Las Arucas, Talcahuano, ChileResumen.-En la última década se ha incrementado el interés por la búsqueda de moléculas con potencial biomédico y amigable para el ambiente. Desde esta perspectiva, la búsqueda de principios bioactivos de origen marino ha permitido valorar la diversidad biológica presente en los ecosistemas acuáticos. En el Phylum Equinodermata, se destaca la familia Holothuridae, por su capacidad de sintetizar moléculas como saponinas y otros metabolitos secundarios de alto interés farmacológico debido a su capacidad hemolítica, antitumoral, anti-inflamatoria, antimicrobiana, citostática y antineoplásica. El interés del presente trabajo se centró en la caracterización de un extracto purificado obtenido desde Athyonidium chilensis (Holothuria) mediante técnicas cromatográficas y de espectrometría de masas, con la posterior evaluación de su potencial bioactivo sobre modelos in vitro. Como resultado de estos análisis, se identificaron 2 saponinas. La primera con un peso molecular de 1522 Da y altamente conjugada con monosacáridos. La segunda con un peso molecular de 764 Da fue identificada como holoturinósido D. Respecto a los resultados de la actividad biológica del extracto purificado, éste mostró actividad antibacteriana, antifúngica y citotóxica frente a una línea celular de neuroblastoma. Los resultados de este estudio se convierten en la primera caracterización de moléculas con actividad biológica desde Athyonidium chilensis. Palabras clave: Holothuria, holoturinósido D, saponinaAbstract.-In the last decade, the interest for searching molecules with biomedical potential as well as innocuous for the environment has been increased. Under this perspective, the search for bioactive principles of marine origin has allowed to value the biological diversity present in aquatic systems. In phylum Echinodermata, the family Holothuridae is distinguished by its capacity of synthesizing molecules such as saponins and other secondary metabolites of high pharmacological interest because of their interesting haemolytic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cytostatic and antineoplastic capacity. The aim of the present study was focused on the characterization of a purified extract obtained from Athyonidium chilensis (Holothuria) by chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques and the later assessment of its bioactive potential on in vitro models. As a result of these analyses 2 saponins were identified. The first with a molecular weight of 1522 Da and highly conjugated with monosaccharides. The second with a molecular weight of 764 Da was identified as holothurinoside D. The biological activity of the purified extract showed antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activity on a neuroblastoma cell line. Outcomes of this study correspond to the first characterization of molecules with biological activity from Athyonidium chilensis.

Structural Elucidation of Novel Saponins in the Sea Cucumber Holothuria lessoni

“…The decomposition of the parent ion can also be triggered by the loss of sugar moiety, namely Glc, MeGlc, Xyl, and Qui followed by the aglycone which generated the product ions indicated in Figure 3i. It should be noted that the major characteristic peaks at 493, 507 and 511 correspond to either the sodiated partial glycoside compositions or the sodiated aglycone moieties [12,59,77,106], which further confirmed the presence of isomeric saponins. The full analysis can be seen in Supplementary Figure S2.…”

Chilean benthic species identified as a new source of antibiotic substances

“…Maybe, the lack of the antibiotic activity observed in this study was due to natural differences among species or because they produce apolar antibiotic substances not extracted with our methodology. The holothurian Athyonidium chilensis produce saponins that inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus but were extracted with a different methodology using more apolar solvents like dichloromethane and methanol (Sottorff et al, 2013). Therefore, other extracted methodologies could be recommended to determine the presence of antibiotic substances in Chilean species of classes Holothuroidea, Asteroidea, Gastropoda and Ascidiacea.…”

“…In Valparaiso Bay at central Chile, the southern region and the Antarctica continent, many studies have identified bacteria, algae and benthic organisms as a new source of bioactive compounds with potential application as a news antibiotics, antivirals or antitumoral drugs (Henriquez et al, 1979;Hayashida-Soiza et al, 2008;Jiménez et al, 2011;Sottorff et al, 2013;Claverías et al, 2015;Arnau et al, 2016;Undabarrena et al, 2016).…”

Antitumor and antifungal activities of organic extracts of seacucumber Holothuria atra from the southeast coast of India

“…They have high commercial value coupled with increasing global production and trade (Bordbar et al, 2011). In a recent study, the smallest peptide fragment of a beta-thymosin detected in the coelomocytes of Mediterranean sea-urchin Paracentrotus lividus showed the common chemical-physical characteristics of AMPs (Schillaci et al, 2012).The characterization of a purified extract obtained from Athyonidium chilensis (Holothuria) by chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques was identified as holothurinoside D. The biological activity of the purified extract showed antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activity on a neuroblastoma cell line (Sottorff et al, 2013).…”