Characterization of biochar derived from rice husks and its potential in chlorobenzene degradation

Zhang, Kaikai; Sun, Peng; Faye, Marie Christine Amie Sene; Zhang, Yanrong

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2018.01.036

Cited by 224 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…1d, peaks at around 1050 cm −1 , attributed to C-O stretching vibrations of phenolic groups according to Ishizaki and Martí (1981), are rising with temperature. Whereas peaks at around 1240 cm −1 due to C-O-H bend according to Zhang et al (2018) are declining then almost disappear above 180 ºC. This suggests that C-O-H groups are transformed into phenoxyl radicals at elevated temperatures.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of persistent free radicals in sludge biochar by hydrothermal carbonization

et al. 2021

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The uses of biochar as soil fertilizer can offset global warming and reduce dependence on limited mineral resources in the future circular economy, yet biochar may contain contaminants that can ultimately enter the food chain. In particular, persistent free radicals are emerging contaminants previously detected in biochar but underlying mechanisms of radical formation are not yet established. Here we studied radical generation during hydrothermal carbonization of waste sludge at 160-220 ºC for 0.5-2 h with solid weight ratios of 10%w-40%w using electron paramagnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Results reveal that radical concentration increases with temperature, reaction time, and weight ratio in sludge biochars, reaching a content of 47.2 × 10 15 spins/g for 220 ºC, 2 h heating, and 40%w solid ratio. Moreover, low temperature of about 160 ºC favors the production of oxygen-centered radicals, whereas higher temperature of 220 ºC produces carbon-centered radicals. Our findings imply that biochar ecotoxicity should be assessed prior applications to prevent adverse health effects.

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Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of persistent free radicals in sludge biochar by hydrothermal carbonization

et al. 2021

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“…The pyrolysis temperature of 400–500 °C was conducive to the formation of biochar with a large amount of quinone/hydroquinone functionalities, which could induce the formation of ROS and promote the degradation of pollutants. [ 122 ] While the pyrolysis temperature was above 600 °C, the degree of aromatic ring condensation and sp 2 hybridized carbons of biochar was increased, resulting in enhanced conductivity. [ 123,124 ] Xu et al.…”

Section: Conversion Of Biomasses Into Biochar Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal and Pyrolytic Conversion of Biomasses into Catalysts for Advanced Oxidation Treatments

Zheng

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Biomasses are very important natural products. Transferring biomass into catalysts for the advanced oxidation process (AOP) via heat treatment has attracted extensive attention. This review systematically introduces and summarizes two kinds of innovative biomass‐based catalysts according to the treating temperature. At low temperature (<300 °C), biomasses are converted into hydrothermal carbonation carbon (HTCC) with semiconductive properties for photocatalysis application. At high temperature (>300 °C), by contrast, the products lose their semiconductive nature and become a conductive carbon‐based conductor (biochar). They usually work as AOP catalysts by activating oxidant of O2, H2O2, and peroxysulfate for environmental treatment. This review summarizes and compares HTCC and biochar according to their formation process, structure, catalytic mechanism, and key points for the activity enhancement. The active units in HTCC are the sp2‐hybridized polyfuran unit while those in biochar are the persistent free radicals, nitrogen‐containing unit, or defects. HTCC converts water into OH radicals by using the photoexcited electron/hole pairs induced by solar illumination, while biochar activates oxidants via the active unit on its surface. More importantly, this review summarizes and demonstrates the key points to obtain high‐efficiency HTCC and biochar catalysts. Finally, conclusions are drawn and the future aspects for biomass‐based catalysis are given.

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“…The biochar have excellent application prospects in environmental remediation with the advantages of abundant feedstocks, speci c surface area, abundant functional groups, microporosity, and ion exchange capacity (Wang & Wang, 2019a). As a friendly environmental adsorbent, biochar showed adsorption capability to the metal ions and aromatic compounds, such as hexavalent chromium, iron ions, and methyl violet, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorobenzene (Qiu et al, 2009; Vithanage et al, 2017; Zhang et al, 2019a;Zhang et al, 2018). Currently biochar has received more and more attentions, and many researches were performed to improve the properties of biochar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nano-Sphere Derived From Crop Residues by Acidic Lithium Bromide Treatment and as an Excellent Adsorbent to Both Heavy Ions and Methyl Orange

Chen

Li³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Carbon spheres, as a widely used carbon material, has attracted extensive attentions. The hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) method was a promising candidate for production of carbon-sphere. But the raw lignocellulose was natural resistant and hardly transformed into the carbon-spheres during HTC. Herein, acidic lithium bromide (LiBr) was supplied in the HTC process to break the resistance of lignocellulose and promoted the nano-carbon spheres forming in mild conditions: 140°C for 150 min. The carbon spheres from raw corn stover showed decent morphology properties and abundant functional groups, which was better than that from pine and poplar wood. It led to the high removal efficiency of the biochar-corn stover to both heavy ions and methyl orange in the waste water. Meanwhile, the filtrate under the optimal reaction was already reused. After five runs, the recycling showed slight effect on the morphology properties and the adsorption capability of biochar. These results verified the practical production of biochar spheres from lignocellulose in mild conditions, which provided more potential for the synthesis of novel biomass-based materials for wide applications.

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Characterization of biochar derived from rice husks and its potential in chlorobenzene degradation

Cited by 224 publications

References 57 publications

Formation of persistent free radicals in sludge biochar by hydrothermal carbonization

Formation of persistent free radicals in sludge biochar by hydrothermal carbonization

Hydrothermal and Pyrolytic Conversion of Biomasses into Catalysts for Advanced Oxidation Treatments

Carbon Nano-Sphere Derived From Crop Residues by Acidic Lithium Bromide Treatment and as an Excellent Adsorbent to Both Heavy Ions and Methyl Orange

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