Characterization of biomass-based flash pyrolysis oils

Lignin pyrolysis reactions

“…The chemical structures of the pyrolysis products of lignins have been evaluated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) [10][11][12], nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and infrared (IR) spectroscopic [15,[19][20][21] analyses, along with pyrolysis directly coupled with GC/MS [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] and IR [19,[36][37][38][39] (Py-GC/MS, Py-IR). Aromatic methoxy groups are stable during the primary pyrolysis stage and become very reactive in the temperature range of 400-450 °C.…”

A model for the evaporation of biomass pyrolysis oil droplets

“…Complete chemical analyses for these fuels are not available: most composition information in the literature is in the form of mass fractions of selected components [5,8,10,13,19,20,21,22], mass fractions of groups (e.g. water-solubles and -insolubles) [5-8, 15, 16], or listings of components without quantitative concentrations [5,7,8,10,11,14,16,19].…”

“…water-solubles and -insolubles) [5-8, 15, 16], or listings of components without quantitative concentrations [5,7,8,10,11,14,16,19]. The composition used for model calculations here is therefore a representative one based on typical information from a number of researchers, and does not pretend to be an accurate model of a particular product.…”

“…The main components are organic acids, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, anhydrosugars such as levoglucosan, pyrolytic lignin (comprising guaiacyl-and syringylbased fragments of the original lignin polymer) and substantial quantities of water, typically 25% [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Usually only trace amounts of hydrocarbons are present, the vast majority of the components being oxygenates.…”

“…Usually only trace amounts of hydrocarbons are present, the vast majority of the components being oxygenates. These fuels are typically denser and more viscous than petroleum fuels, with a specific gravity typically around 1.2 [5,6,10,[22][23][24][25]. The chemical composition may change over time owing to "aging", in which light components are polymerized [18,26,27], and phase separation is also possible [6,7].…”