Characterization of CdTe Thin Films Using Orthogonal Double-Pulse Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Abstract

Orthogonal reheating double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied to the elemental analysis of CdTe thin film samples. Films were grown through nanosecond pulsed laser ablation over silicon and glass substrates. The analysis was performed by applying a 266 nm pulsed laser devised to minimize sample damage. Re-excitation was conducted using a nanosecond laser emitting at 1064 nm that induced air breakdown 1 mm above the target. Emission enhancement was investigated as a function of both time acquisition delay and inter-pulse delay. The plasma temperature and electron density calculations made showed that the double-pulse scheme produced higher temperature values and a longer plasma duration than single-pulse LIBS. The self-absorption coefficient of the lines was determined from the measured ablated matter, plasma volume and collected spectra. The results of the double-pulse LIBS configuration showed a significant increase in emission intensity, reducing the self-absorption effect. In addition, the relative concentration of the thin films was determined for both experimental schemes. The calculated elemental values for the double-pulse configuration coincide with those expected and are more accurate than those obtained using a single laser.

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials

“…194 Hydride-based interferences from UH and PuH generated during ionisation were highlighted as key considerations, with hydride rates in UO particles measures and then applied to correct for Pu signals. The estimated 239 Pu/ 238 U atomic ratio in MOX particles was similar to 1.6 × 10 −3 .…”

“…Wimpenny et al employed LA-ICP-MS for rapid isotopic analysis of U particles. 189 Two U-particle materials were tested, with percent-level precision achieved for 234 U/ 238 U, 235 U/ 238 U and 236 U/ 238 U in samples with isotopic compositions spanning >2 orders of magnitude. Results were comparable to those obtained using Large Geometry SIMS.…”

A Review of Development in the Research of Self-Absorption on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

“…The results show that this technique effectively eliminates the spectral line auto-etching of K in the sample within the concentration range of 0.82-26.2 Wt%, achieving an SA coefficient near unity. Guillermo Quintana-Silva et al 136 applied orthogonal reheat DP-LIBS to analyze the elemental composition of CdTe thin-film samples, which shows that compared with SP-LIBS, a significantly enhanced in emission intensity of DP-LIBS and the self-absorption effect is significantly reduced. In addition, Wang et al 137 used DP-LIBS to study the self-absorption effect.…”

Collinear double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using Nd:YAG laser generating two nanosecond pulses of regulated energy ratios

“…A useful review of multivariate statistical analysis applied to both SP and DP LIBS measurements can be found in [47]. In conclusion, it should be noted that in the literature on LIBS, both with a single pulse and with two pulses, there is an ever-growing number of publications, from which one can mention, for example, recent papers [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55].…”