Characterization of char from biomass gasification and its similarities with activated carbon in adsorption applications

Benedetti, Vittoria; Patuzzi, Francesco; Baratieri, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.076

Cited by 162 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the production of activated carbon from bio-waste for sustainable development [85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93]. Several sources of bio-waste such as animal, mineral, plant, and vegetables etc.…”

Section: Carbon From Bio-wastes As An Excellent Materials For Edlcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercapacitor Energy Storage Device Using Biowastes: A Sustainable Approach to Green Energy

et al. 2019

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The demand for renewable energy sources worldwide has gained tremendous research attention over the past decades. Technologies such as wind and solar have been widely researched and reported in the literature. However, economical use of these technologies has not been widespread due partly to cost and the inability for service during of-source periods. To make these technologies more competitive, research into energy storage systems has intensified over the last few decades. The idea is to devise an energy storage system that allows for storage of electricity during lean hours at a relatively cheaper value and delivery later. Energy storage and delivery technologies such as supercapacitors can store and deliver energy at a very fast rate, offering high current in a short duration. The past decade has witnessed a rapid growth in research and development in supercapacitor technology. Several electrochemical properties of the electrode material and electrolyte have been reported in the literature. Supercapacitor electrode materials such as carbon and carbon-based materials have received increasing attention because of their high specific surface area, good electrical conductivity and excellent stability in harsh environments etc. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in biomass-derived activated carbons as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications. The development of an alternative supercapacitor electrode material from biowaste serves two main purposes: (1) It helps with waste disposal; converting waste to a useful product, and (2) it provides an economic argument for the substantiality of supercapacitor technology. This article reviews recent developments in carbon and carbon-based materials derived from biowaste for supercapacitor technology. A comparison between the various storage mechanisms and electrochemical performance of electrodes derived from biowaste is presented.Sustainability 2019, 11, 414 2 of 22 renewable energy sources such as solar energy, geothermal energy, wind energy, biofuels, etc., while electrochemical energy storage devices such as supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries, etc. have also attracted significant research [9][10][11]. It is not an overstatement to say that successful development of any renewable energy source (e.g., windmills and solar cells), hybrid and electric vehicles and smart grids depend significantly upon the availability of a suitable energy storage system. A considerable amount of literature has been published on the use of supercapacitors as a viable storage device for renewable energy. Over 20,000 articles, books etc. were published in 2017, a higher number of research work is projected for 2018 (data from google scholar). There has been a geometric increase in the research published since the year 2000. Since supercapacitors were first experimented in 1957 by engineers at General Electric, they have found commercial applications in portable electronics, transportation and aerospace industry [12,13]. These applications of supercapacitors ...

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Section: Carbon From Bio-wastes As An Excellent Materials For Edlcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercapacitor Energy Storage Device Using Biowastes: A Sustainable Approach to Green Energy

et al. 2019

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“…The resulting surface area values are in agreement with other gasification chars; in particular, the obtained values are similar to those obtained through fixed bed technologies (Table 4). [38] Remarkably, the char produced by pellet gasification in an SBR provided a product with comparable properties to some chars, as seen in Table 4. Due to the encouraging results, a dedicated experimental campaign will be performed in order to evaluate and optimize the characteristics of char from both residues at different equivalence ratios.…”

Section: Char Analysismentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Table 4. Properties of chars obtained from different types of gasifiers (Benedetti et al [38] ) Feedstock Gasifier C (g/g (wt%) dry) H (g/g (wt%) dry) N (g/g (wt%) dry) Ash (g/g (wt%) dry) Surface area (m 2 /g)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary tests for the thermo‐chemical conversion of biomass in a spouted bed pilot plant

Bove

Moliner²,

Curti

et al. 2018

Can J Chem Eng

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The initial setting up and preliminary tests on a square‐based spouted bed gasifier at pilot scale (20 kWth) have been investigated. The novel plant is composed of: a squared‐base spouted bed unit, a feeding system to regulate the biomass mass inflow, an air pump, a clean‐up system, and an online gas chromatograph analyzer to assess the quality of the produced gas. The profile of temperatures along the reactor has been monitored with different thermocouples during experimental tests. The start‐up process has been optimized to reduce the time to achieve stationary conditions. Two different materials (wood pellets and prunings from apple trees) have been tested at different feeding rates. Wood pellets were used to validate the performance of the spouted bed reactor and afterwards, residues of prunings from apple trees were validated as a suitable potential feedstock for energy recovery purposes. In addition, a representative sample of char from wood pellet gasification has been collected and characterized. In particular, the properties of specific surface area, pore size, and pore distribution have been measured by the Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller method. The obtained outcomes represent one of the few available results in literature using a square‐based spouted bed reactor for the gasification of biomass at pilot scale.

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“…Regarding the characterization of the char collected from the plant, the elemental composition (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulphur content) and the ash content, as well as its specific surface area and pore volume, are available from a previous study [22]. The moisture content was determined according to the Standard UNI EN 14774.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, char obtained from pyrolysis or gasification of biomass has been investigated for its potential use in gas cleaning applications as adsorbent, catalyst, or catalyst support [19][20][21]. Its specific characteristics, especially its micro-porous structure and large specific surface area [22], but also the presence of alkali and alkaline earth metallic (AAEM) species and O-functional groups on its surface [23,24], make char a suitable material for tar adsorption or catalytic cracking [25][26][27][28][29]. Buentello-Montoya et al [30] reviewed the possible application of gasification char as the catalyst for tar reforming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and Catalytic Cracking of Toluene Using Char from Commercial Gasification Systems

2019

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Tar formation hinders the development of biomass gasification technologies. The use of pyrolytic char as a catalyst for removing tar has been widely investigated; its large specific surface area and pores distribution make it a good candidate for the cracking of heavy hydrocarbons. The present work assesses the catalytic activity of char from a commercial gasifier. Thermal degradation tests in N2 and in CO2 proved that the char is suitable for high-temperature applications (catalytic cracking) and showed release of CO and H2, which might affect the catalytic performance of the char when used for tar removal applications. For inspecting the potential of the char for tar removal, toluene was chosen as model tar. Through GC-FID, toluene removal efficiency and the amount of benzene produced from its decomposition were evaluated. Tests up to 1273 K resulted in tar removal efficiencies as high as 99.0%, and empty reactor tests allowed for discerning the effects of thermal and catalytic cracking. The catalytic activity of the char was more pronounced at 1173 K, as char increased the toluene removal efficiency from 39.9% (empty reactor) to 60.3%. The results confirmed that gasification char, like pyrolytic char, has a high potential for catalytic tar removal applications.

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Characterization of char from biomass gasification and its similarities with activated carbon in adsorption applications

Cited by 162 publications

References 66 publications

Supercapacitor Energy Storage Device Using Biowastes: A Sustainable Approach to Green Energy

Supercapacitor Energy Storage Device Using Biowastes: A Sustainable Approach to Green Energy

Preliminary tests for the thermo‐chemical conversion of biomass in a spouted bed pilot plant

Thermal and Catalytic Cracking of Toluene Using Char from Commercial Gasification Systems

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