Characterization of Codonopsis pilosula subsp. tangshen plastome and comparative analysis of Codonopsis species

Yue, Jingwen; Ni, Yang; Jiang, Mei; Chen, Haimei; Chen, Pinghua; Liu, Chang

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0271813

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…This inversion has also been observed in Codonopsis pilosula subsp. tangshen (Yue et al., 2022 ) and Avena sativa (Liu et al., 2020 ). The codon usage bias of the two Cymbaria species might be affected by natural selection and mutation, as it has been observed in several other angiosperms (Lu et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete chloroplast genomes of the hemiparasitic genus Cymbaria: Insights into comparative analysis, development of molecular markers, and phylogenetic relationships

Ma,

López‐Pujol,

Yan

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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The hemiparasitic tribe Cymbarieae (Orobanchaceae) plays a crucial role in elucidating the initial stage of the transition from autotrophism to heterotrophism. However, the complete chloroplast genome of the type genus Cymbaria has yet to be reported. In addition, the traditional Mongolian medicine Cymbaria daurica is frequently subjected to adulteration or substitution because of the minor morphological differences with Cymbaria mongolica. In this study, the complete chloroplast genomes of the two Cymbaria species were assembled and annotated, and those of other published 52 Orobanchaceae species were retrieved for comparative analyses. We found that the Cymbaria chloroplast genomes are characterized by pseudogenization or loss of stress‐relevant genes (ndh) and a unique rbcL–matK inversion. Unlike the high variability observed in holoparasites, Cymbaria and other hemiparasites exhibit high similarity to autotrophs in genome size, guanine–cytosine (GC) content, and intact genes. Notably, four pairs of specific DNA barcodes were developed and validated to distinguish the medicinal herb from its adulterants. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the genus Cymbaria and the Schwalbea–Siphonostegia clade are grouped into the tribe Cymbarieae, which forms a sister clade to the remaining Orobanchaceae parasitic lineages. Moreover, the diversification of monophyletic Cymbaria occurred during the late Miocene (6.72 Mya) in the Mongol–Chinese steppe region. Our findings provide valuable genetic resources for studying the phylogeny of Orobanchaceae and plant parasitism, and genetic tools to validate the authenticity of the traditional Mongolian medicine “Xinba.”

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete chloroplast genomes of the hemiparasitic genus Cymbaria: Insights into comparative analysis, development of molecular markers, and phylogenetic relationships

Ma,

López‐Pujol,

Yan

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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“…This inversion has also been observed inCodonopsis pilosula subsp. tangshen (Yue et al, 2022) andAvena sativa (Q. Liu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Development and Validation Of Dna Barcodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete chloroplast genomes of hemiparasitic genus Cymbaria: Insights into comparative analysis, development of molecular markers, and phylogenetic relationships

Ma,

López-Pujol,

Yan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Cymbaria L. is a small genus nearly endemic to the Mongolian Plateau with only two hemiparasitic species. Cymbaria daurica L. is an important herb “Xinba” in traditional Mongolian medicine. However, C. daurica is often confused with its sister species Cymbaria mongolica Maxim. because they only differ in anther morphology. In addition, phylogenetic placement and reductive evolution of this genus within the Orobanchaceae remain poorly resolved. Here, we firstly sequenced two Cymbaria chloroplast genomes and then conducted a comparative analysis among those of 54 Orobanchaceae species. We found that the chloroplast genomes of Cymbaria species were characterized by pseudogenization/loss events of eight ndh genes and a unique rbcL-matK inversion. Unlike the high-variability observed in holoparasites, Cymbaria and other hemiparasites exhibited high similarity to autotrophs in genome size, GC content, and intact genes. Notely, four pairs of specific DNA barcodes (CymN1, CymN2, CymY, and CymR) were developed to distinguish the herb C. daurica from its adulterant C. mongolica. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that genus Cymbaria and the Schwalbea-Siphonostegia clade were grouped into the tribe Cymbarieae. This tribe formed an independent sister clade to the remaining parasitic lineages. Furthermore, the diversification of monophyletic Cymbaria occurred during the late Miocene (6.72 Mya) in the Mongol-Chinese steppe region. These findings provide valuable information for regarding taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of Cymbaria and can be used to validate the authenticity of the herb “Xinba”.

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“…pilosula, a member of the Campanulaceae family, is widely used for its medicinal properties. The dried root of C. pilosula is commonly employed as a medicine due to its high medicinal value [21][22][23]. Recent studies have focused on the root of C. pilosula, revealing its potential to lower blood pressure [24], improve memory impairment [25], regulate immune function [26], and exhibit antioxidant and anti-aging effects [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraphoma chrysanthemicola Affects the Carbohydrate and Lobetyolin Metabolism Regulated by Salicylic Acid in the Soilless Cultivation of Codonopsis pilosula

Sun,

Luo,

et al. 2024

Biology

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Paraphoma chrysanthemicola, an endophytic fungus isolated from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula, influences salicylic acid (SA) levels. The interaction mechanism between SA and P. chrysanthemicola within C. pilosula remains elusive. To elucidate this, an experiment was conducted with four treatments: sterile water (CK), P. chrysanthemicola (FG), SA, and a combination of P. chrysanthemicola with salicylic acid (FG+SA). Results indicated that P. chrysanthemicola enhanced plant growth and counteracted the growth inhibition caused by exogenous SA. Physiological analysis showed that P. chrysanthemicola reduced carbohydrate content and enzymatic activity in C. pilosula without affecting total chlorophyll concentration and attenuated the increase in these parameters induced by exogenous SA. Secondary metabolite profiling showed a decrease in soluble proteins and lobetyolin levels in the FG group, whereas SA treatment led to an increase. Both P. chrysanthemicola and SA treatments decreased antioxidase-like activity. Notably, the FG group exhibited higher nitric oxide (NO) levels, and the SA group exhibited higher hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in the stems. This study elucidated the intricate context of the symbiotic dynamics between the plant species P. chrysanthemicola and C. pilosula, where an antagonistic interaction involving salicylic acid was prominently observed. This antagonism was observed in the equilibrium between carbohydrate metabolism and secondary metabolism. This equilibrium had the potential to engage reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO).

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Characterization of Codonopsis pilosula subsp. tangshen plastome and comparative analysis of Codonopsis species

Cited by 5 publications

References 67 publications

Complete chloroplast genomes of the hemiparasitic genus Cymbaria: Insights into comparative analysis, development of molecular markers, and phylogenetic relationships

Complete chloroplast genomes of the hemiparasitic genus Cymbaria: Insights into comparative analysis, development of molecular markers, and phylogenetic relationships

Complete chloroplast genomes of hemiparasitic genus Cymbaria: Insights into comparative analysis, development of molecular markers, and phylogenetic relationships

Paraphoma chrysanthemicola Affects the Carbohydrate and Lobetyolin Metabolism Regulated by Salicylic Acid in the Soilless Cultivation of Codonopsis pilosula

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