Characterization of donkey milk and metabolite profile comparison with human milk and formula milk

Murgia, Antonio; Scano, Paola; Contu, Marino; Ibba, Ignazio; Altea, Maurizio; Bussu, Michele; Demuru, Martina; Porcu, Alessandra; Caboni, Pierluigi

doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2016.07.070

Cited by 45 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Metabolomics provides comprehensive and quantitative analysis of metabolites and aims to establish relationships between genotypes and phenotypes using such tools as mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 23 – 25 . Previous metabolomic studies primarily investigated the breast milk or milk from other mammals, such as cows and donkeys 26 , 27 . To the best of our knowledge, few metabolomics studies have attempted to identify the metabolites in sow milk 25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Profiles Reveal Potential Factors that Correlate with Lactation Performance in Sow Milk

Tan

Zhai

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Sow milk contains necessary nutrients for piglets; however, the relationship between the levels of metabolites in sow milk and lactation performance has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. In this study, we analysed the metabolites in sow milk from Yorkshire sows with high lactation (HL) or low lactation (LL) performance; these categories were assigned based on the weight gain of piglets during the entire lactation period (D1 to D21). The concentration of milk fat in the colostrum tended to be higher in the HL group (P = 0.05), the level of mannitol was significantly lower in the HL group (P < 0.05) and the level of glucuronic acid lactone was significantly higher in the HL group (P < 0.05) compared to those in LL group. In mature milk, the levels of lactose, creatine, glutamine, glutamate, 4-hydroxyproline, alanine, asparagine, and glycine were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the HL group than those in LL group. The level of fatty acids showed no significant difference between the two groups in both the colostrum and mature milk. This study suggested that lactation performance may be associated with the levels of lactose and several amino acids in sow milk, and these results can be used to develop new feed additives to improve lactation performance in sows.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Profiles Reveal Potential Factors that Correlate with Lactation Performance in Sow Milk

Tan

Zhai

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…The information regarding study design provided in HM metabolomics studies varies considerably [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][34][35][36][45][46][47] as shown in Figure 2. Repeatedly reported factors have been grouped into three categories and are discussed in detail in the following sections:…”

Section: Considerations Regarding the Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis of the HM metabolome has been approached employing a variety of extraction and analytical techniques to respond to a spectrum of clinically relevant questions. Several studies have compared HM metabolome with formula milk [13,[16][17][18][19][20] or with milk from other mammalian species including monkey [21], donkey [17], and cow [18], whereas others have made efforts in defining the metabolome of preterm milk [13,16,[22][23][24][25][26] and the evaluation of the HM metabolome during the course of lactation [15,23,[27][28][29][30]. Furthermore, the influence of maternal diet [14,15,31], phenotype [14,32], obesity [30], or atopy status [33], as well as geographical location [33,34], time of the day [29,35], chemotherapy [36], or preeclampsia during pregnancy [31] on the HM metabolome have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Practice in Untargeted Human Milk Metabolomics

et al. 2020

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Human milk (HM) is considered the gold standard for infant nutrition. HM contains macro- and micronutrients, as well as a range of bioactive compounds (hormones, growth factors, cell debris, etc.). The analysis of the complex and dynamic composition of HM has been a permanent challenge for researchers. The use of novel, cutting-edge techniques involving different metabolomics platforms has permitted to expand knowledge on the variable composition of HM. This review aims to present the state-of-the-art in untargeted metabolomic studies of HM, with emphasis on sampling, extraction and analysis steps. Workflows available from the literature have been critically revised and compared, including a comprehensive assessment of the achievable metabolome coverage. Based on the scientific evidence available, recommendations for future untargeted HM metabolomics studies are included.

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“…The measurements of pH have been performed with a portable pH-meter (XS Instruments, Carpi, Italy). Total mesophilic count (TMC) has been performed in compliance with the method UNI EN ISO 4833-1:2013 [30].…”

Section: Physicochemical and Microbiological Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio Frequency Heating of Milk–Effects on Quality, Safety, and Shelf Life Assessed Using Artificial Senses and Chemometric Tools

Rosa

Leone

Bressan³

et al. 2018

Electronics

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Thermal treatments are widely-used strategies in the food industry to inactivate microorganisms and enzymes in order to guarantee safe products without the need for preservatives, while still prolonging their shelf life. Commercial sterilization usually relies on pressurized hot water or steam, often leading to long process times and to surface dehydration phenomena and overheating. However, from the recent studies in the field of radio frequency heating, it has emerged that food products can be processed with time-temperature regimes that are much milder than those required with conventional techniques, resulting in minimal modification of the sensory and nutritive attributes of the food product itself. In the present work, raw bovine milk was sterilized through a combination of steam and radio frequencies, at various temperatures. Alongside the chemical composition, the pH, acidity, and total mesophilic count have been evaluated before and after the process and at the different exit temperatures, in order to study the impact of this technique on milk quality and safety aspects, during a storage period of 55 days at +4°C. Moreover, the organoleptic properties of milk have been studied using artificial senses coupled with chemometrics. Different temperatures lead to homogenous physicochemical and microbiological results, which conform to those expected for a good quality bovine milk. The assessment of flavor and appearance revealed retained or the minimally modified milk sensorial properties. Therefore, RF heating appears to be a suitable technique for the production of safe milk with a prolonged shelf life up to 40–45 days and without significant alterations of the organoleptic and nutritional attributes.

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Characterization of donkey milk and metabolite profile comparison with human milk and formula milk

Cited by 45 publications

References 33 publications

Metabolomic Profiles Reveal Potential Factors that Correlate with Lactation Performance in Sow Milk

Metabolomic Profiles Reveal Potential Factors that Correlate with Lactation Performance in Sow Milk

Current Practice in Untargeted Human Milk Metabolomics

Radio Frequency Heating of Milk–Effects on Quality, Safety, and Shelf Life Assessed Using Artificial Senses and Chemometric Tools

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