Characterization of Empty Fruit Bunch of Palm Oil as Co-firing Biomass Feedstock

Abstract

Empty fruit bunches of Palm Oil (EFB) are a potential source of biomass energy because they contain lignocellulose (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) so that they can be converted into biopellets for co-firing. The purpose of this research is to determine the raw material properties of EFB in the form of proximate, ultimate, lignin, and biopellets. Using a pelletizer, biopellets are created by adding starch as an adhesive. The raw material characteristics of EFB from proximate analysis revealed moisture content of 11.98%, ash content of 6.53%, volatile matter content of 65.15%, and fixed carbon content of 16.44%. According to the final study results, the biopellets from empty fruit bunches included 48.53% C, 6.05% H, 0.32% N, 36.8% O, and 0.08% Sulphure. The atomic ratio obtained from the final analysis results could be used to determine the calorific value that can be used for fuel; the biopellet calorific value of EFB is 4,583 kcal/kg, with Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) values of 78.6 and Ash Fusion Temperature (AFT) 1100oC. The lower the value of the atomic ratio contained, the higher the calorific value contained in a specific fuel.

Fluctuation Price Sell Palm Farmers and Impact Socioeconomic Society Farmer Palm Oil in Rokan Hilir Regency Province Riau

“…Research ever done related to fluctuating pricing and marketing fruit palm farmers is what was done by Hasibuan (2020), who took the title Problem Farmer Self-help and the Polemic on the Price of Fresh Fruit Bunches (Study Cases in the Province Jmbi). The next study was by Rusdianasari et al (2023), who took the title of Analysis Marketing of Coconut Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB). Palm Farmer Self-help in Bagan Sinembah District Regency Rokan Downstream.…”

Comparison Moisture of Biopellet from Sugarcane Bagasse and Coconut Dregs as Raw Materials for Co-Firing Power Plant

“…The community expects an alternative gas fuel that can help the community in meeting their fuel needs (Putri et al, 2020). Fossil energy has a limitation and needs diversification of resources energy in order to make sure the availability of renewable energy sources (Rusdianasari et al, 2023).…”

“…Meanwhile, sugar cane plantations in 2018 recorded the total area of sugar cane plantations in Indonesia reaching 420 hectares (Albashabsheh & Heier Stamm, 2019). However, various uses can be made, such as making coconut milk, coconut oil, and sugarcane ice, which leaves the dregs and, if thrown away, will have a negative impact on the environment (Damayanti et al, 2021) (Rusdianasari et al 2023).…”

Fatty Acid Methyl Ester as an Additional Ingredient in Rice Husk Bio-Pellets to Improve Product Quality

“…Burning biomass generates biogenic CO2, which is less harmful to the environment than burning fossil fuels, which generate fossil CO2 (Yunsari et al, 2019). An inexpensive and practical energy source, biomass fuel is made from wood waste (Rusdianasari et al, 2023). A total of 15 million tonnes of rice husk waste are produced annually by the 60,000 rice grinding machines that are dispersed across Indonesia (Lisowski et al, 2019).…”