“…Spodoptera eridania (Anderson & Cook, 1979), B. mori (Abraham et al, 1995) and Gryllus texensis (Adamo, 2004), and E. coli is also considered to be an effective inducer of insect humoral immune responses in general (Erler et al, 2011) and of hemolymph lysozyme activity, in particular, e.g. B. mori (Sumida et al, 1992;Abraham et al, 1995), Melanoplus sanguinipes (Gillespie et al, 1993), Artogeia rapae (Bang & Yoe, 2005), S. frugiperda (Chapelle et al, 2009) and Anopheles gambiae (Kajla et al, 2010). Also, there is no clear-cut specificity in terms of pathogen recognition, signaling pathways, or effector molecules in the course of induction of humoral responses in insects (Marmaras & Lamproulou, 2009).…”