Characterization of Flavonoids and Transcripts Involved in Their Biosynthesis in Different Organs of Cissus rotundifolia Lam

Abstract

Cissus rotundifolia Lam. is used as a medicinal herb and vegetable. Flavonoids are the major components for the therapeutic effects. However, flavonoids constituents and expression profiles of related genes in C. rotundifolia organs are unknown. Colorimetric assay showed the highest flavonoid concentration in roots compared to the stem and leaf. Widely target-based metabolome analysis allowed tentative identification of 199 compounds in three organs. Flavonols and flavones were the dominant flavonoids subclasses. Among the metabolites, 171 were common in the three organs. Unique accumulation profile was observed in the root while the stem and leaf exhibited relatively similar patterns. In the root, six unique compounds (jaceosidin, licoagrochalcone D, 8-prenylkaempferol, hesperetin 7-O-(6″malonyl) glucoside, aureusidin, apigenin-4′-O-rhamnoside) that are used for medicinal purposes were detected. In total, 18,427 expressed genes were identified from transcriptome of the three organs covering about 60% of annotated genes in C. rotundifolia genome. Fourteen gene families, including 52 members involved in the main pathway of flavonoids biosynthesis, were identified. Their expression could be found in at least one organ. Most of the genes were highly expressed in roots compared to other organs, coinciding with the metabolites profile. The findings provide fundamental data for exploration of metabolites biosynthesis in C. rotundifolia and diversification of parts used for medicinal purposes.

Phytochemical Profiling and Compound Isolation of Cissus rhombifolia Vahl. Leaves Aqueous Methanolic Extract with the Evaluation of Its Anti‐Inflammatory Effect Using Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Cells

“…Quercitrin, quercetin, vitexin, orientin, isovitexin, catechin, isoschaftoside and myricetin were previously reported in C. quadrangularis L. stem extract using LC‐QToF analysis [27] . Hesperidin, epigallocatechin, bergenin, epiafzelechin, isohemiphloin, ononin, and kaempferol hexoside were previously described in the metabolomic profile of C. rotundifolia aerial parts [8,28] . Dihydrokaempferol, apigenin and naringenin were isolates of C. trifoliata stem extract [29] .…”

“…[27] Hesperidin, epigallocatechin, bergenin, epiafzelechin, isohemiphloin, ononin, and kaempferol hexoside were previously described in the metabolomic profile of C. rotundifolia aerial parts. [8,28] Dihydrokaempferol, apigenin and naringenin were isolates of C. trifoliata stem extract. [29] The identified phenolic acids were gallic (2), protocatechuic (3), ferulic (6) and coumaric (10) acids.…”

“…They were previously reported in the C. quadrangularis L. stem extract and C. rotundifolia aerial parts, respectively. [8,27] The three triterpenes ursolic acid (23), hydroxyursolic acid (28), and β-amyrin (34) were detected in base peak chromatogram at R t 10.26, 14.92, and 19.19 (min. ), respectively.…”

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Mechanism of Color Diversity in Rhododendron pulchrum Sweet (Ericaceae)

“…The intensity of petal color change was correlated with the concentration of anthocyanin in plants [ 36 ]. Xue [ 37 ] reported that the anthocyanin content increased as the flower color deepened, and the expression of key structural genes was significantly increased in red-flowered strawberry in comparison with white-flowered strawberry.…”