Characterization of individual particle movement during in vitro gastric digestion in the Human Gastric Simulator (HGS)

In vitro models to evaluate ingestible devices: Present status and current trends

“…Two tracks of rollers initiate a contraction at the beginning of the distal region of the stomach liner and carry the contraction through the simulated pylorus at a rate of 3 contractions per minute. The forces within the HDS system have been correlated to in vivo data demonstrating that the forces applied replicate the forces involved in mixing in vivo [187]. The maximum force recorded was 5.9 ±0.3 N [187].…”

“…The forces within the HDS system have been correlated to in vivo data demonstrating that the forces applied replicate the forces involved in mixing in vivo [187]. The maximum force recorded was 5.9 ±0.3 N [187]. Detailed experiments have probed the hydrodynamics within this apparatus to determine fluid flow based on the gastric region [187].…”

“…The stomach compartment is formed of a bag that is sealed at one end. The bag has a length of 70 cm and the diameter varied from 3-24 cm [187]. Two tracks of rollers initiate a contraction at the beginning of the distal region of the stomach liner and carry the contraction through the simulated pylorus at a rate of 3 contractions per minute.…”

The relative importance of internal and external physical resistances to mass transfer for caffeine release from apple pectin tablets

“…These systems range from simple beaker and stirrer systems (SHIME) ( Molly et al, 1994 ) to. The beaker and stirrer systems introduced by Molly et al (1994) are still used, in slightly modified ways, for recent studies ( Dhital et al, 2016 ; Li et al, 2019 ), possibly because of their simplicity and affordability, despite the development of very sophisticated and realistic human models ( Keppler et al, 2020 ). Studying the mass transfer processes involved in digestion using beaker and stirrer systems is therefore still relevant and significant.…”

Multifilm Mass Transfer and Time Constants for Mass Transfer in Food Digestion: Application to Gut-on-Chip Models

“…For example, particle-size reduction is part of the digestion process, and according to the above perspective, the particle size of a food affects the mass-transfer coefficient. Hence, particle-size reduction fits into the mass-transfer perspective, and particle size also affects the residence time of food in the gastrointestinal system [5].…”